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Phosphorus-doped graphite felt allowing stabilized electrochemical interface and hierarchical pore structure for redox flow battery

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  • Wang, Rui
  • Li, Yinshi
  • Wang, Yanning
  • Fang, Zhou

Abstract

The redox flow battery technology is of great potential for large-scale energy storage. However, its widespread application is suffering from the challenges of low energy efficiency and considerable performance degradation in the high-current cycles. Herein, we propose and develop a phosphorus-doped electrode with stabilized electrochemical interface and hierarchical pore structure for cost-effective flow batteries. Density functional theory calculation was first used to demonstrate the stability and activity of phosphorus-doped graphite surface. On basis of theoretical design, the phosphorus-doped graphite felt electrode was fabricated by a facial thermally treating method. Stabilized heteroatom-doped chemical surface with abundant phosphorus-containing functional groups (1.7%) was observed. Beyond that, the hierarchical pore structure from macro (~20 μm) to nanoscale (<200 nm) was formed synchronously, suggesting the enhanced reaction activity, stability and mass transport. In charge-discharge test, flow battery assembled with phosphorus-doped electrodes yielded a prominent energy efficiency of 81% at 200 mA cm−2, 46% higher than battery with traditional electrodes. Even current densities up to 500 mA cm−2, battery with phosphorus-doped electrodes still exhibits a workable energy efficiency of 64% while batteries with other electrodes cannot operate properly. Moreover, the superior durability of battery with phosphorus-doped electrodes was verified after 100-cycle charge-discharge test with nearly no-decay energy efficiencies. This work offers a promising way to develop stable and efficient flow batteries for the energy storage systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Rui & Li, Yinshi & Wang, Yanning & Fang, Zhou, 2020. "Phosphorus-doped graphite felt allowing stabilized electrochemical interface and hierarchical pore structure for redox flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:261:y:2020:i:c:s0306261919320562
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114369
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zeng, Yikai & Yang, Zhifei & Lu, Fei & Xie, Yongliang, 2019. "A novel tin-bromine redox flow battery for large-scale energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    2. Jiang, H.R. & Shyy, W. & Wu, M.C. & Zhang, R.H. & Zhao, T.S., 2019. "A bi-porous graphite felt electrode with enhanced surface area and catalytic activity for vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 105-113.
    3. Wei, L. & Zeng, L. & Wu, M.C. & Fan, X.Z. & Zhao, T.S., 2019. "Seawater as an alternative to deionized water for electrolyte preparations in vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Jiang, H.R. & Shyy, W. & Ren, Y.X. & Zhang, R.H. & Zhao, T.S., 2019. "A room-temperature activated graphite felt as the cost-effective, highly active and stable electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 544-553.
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    2. Qiu, Yu & Xu, Yucong & Li, Qing & Wang, Jikang & Wang, Qiliang & Liu, Bin, 2021. "Efficiency enhancement of a solar trough collector by combining solar and hot mirrors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
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    4. Liming Chen & Tao Liu & Yimin Zhang & Hong Liu & Muqing Ding & Dong Pan, 2022. "Mitigating Capacity Decay by Adding Carbohydrate in the Negative Electrolyte of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-16, March.

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