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A uniformly distributed bismuth nanoparticle-modified carbon cloth electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries

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  • Jiang, H.R.
  • Zeng, Y.K.
  • Wu, M.C.
  • Shyy, W.
  • Zhao, T.S.

Abstract

In this work, a bottom-to-up strategy is adopted to design, fabricate and test a uniformly distributed bismuth nanoparticle-modified carbon cloth electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The first-principles study reveals that increasing the number of oxygen-functional groups on the surface of carbon fibers can promote the uniform distribution of electrodeposited bismuth nanoparticles, which increases the effective surface areas and active sites. Results also show that the oxygen-functional groups and bismuth exhibit a synergistically catalytic effect, which enhances the kinetics of redox reactions. Therefore, carbon cloth substrate with a high content of oxygen-functional groups is fabricated and tested. The material and electrochemical characterizations, including scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), verify the predictions of the first-principles study. Battery tests show that the VRFBs with the prepared electrode enables an energy efficiency of 88.4% at 160 mA cm−2, 19.6% higher than that with the original electrode. Additionally, the battery is capable of delivering an energy efficiency of 80.1% at a high current density of 320 mA cm−2, which are among the highest performances in the open literature. Finally, it is also proved that the prepared bismuth nanoparticle-modified carbon cloth electrode outperforms the bismuth nanoparticle-modified carbon paper electrode, ascribed to the excellent ion/mass transport properties of carbon cloth.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiang, H.R. & Zeng, Y.K. & Wu, M.C. & Shyy, W. & Zhao, T.S., 2019. "A uniformly distributed bismuth nanoparticle-modified carbon cloth electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 226-235.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:240:y:2019:i:c:p:226-235
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.02.051
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jiang, H.R. & Shyy, W. & Wu, M.C. & Zhang, R.H. & Zhao, T.S., 2019. "A bi-porous graphite felt electrode with enhanced surface area and catalytic activity for vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 105-113.
    2. Leung, P. & Martin, T. & Liras, M. & Berenguer, A.M. & Marcilla, R. & Shah, A. & An, L. & Anderson, M.A. & Palma, J., 2017. "Cyclohexanedione as the negative electrode reaction for aqueous organic redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 318-326.
    3. Wei, Zhongbao & Lim, Tuti Mariana & Skyllas-Kazacos, Maria & Wai, Nyunt & Tseng, King Jet, 2016. "Online state of charge and model parameter co-estimation based on a novel multi-timescale estimator for vanadium redox flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 169-179.
    4. Jiang, H.R. & Shyy, W. & Ren, Y.X. & Zhang, R.H. & Zhao, T.S., 2019. "A room-temperature activated graphite felt as the cost-effective, highly active and stable electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 544-553.
    5. Wei, Zhongbao & Zhao, Jiyun & Ji, Dongxu & Tseng, King Jet, 2017. "A multi-timescale estimator for battery state of charge and capacity dual estimation based on an online identified model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1264-1274.
    6. Jiang, H.R. & Wu, M.C. & Ren, Y.X. & Shyy, W. & Zhao, T.S., 2018. "Towards a uniform distribution of zinc in the negative electrode for zinc bromine flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 366-374.
    7. Ju, Xing & Xu, Chao & Han, Xue & Du, Xiaoze & Wei, Gaosheng & Yang, Yongping, 2017. "A review of the concentrated photovoltaic/thermal (CPVT) hybrid solar systems based on the spectral beam splitting technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 534-563.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Kaiyue & Xiong, Jing & Yan, Chuanwei & Tang, Ao, 2020. "In-situ measurement of electrode kinetics in porous electrode for vanadium flow batteries using symmetrical cell design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    2. Wan, Shuaibin & Liang, Xiongwei & Jiang, Haoran & Sun, Jing & Djilali, Ned & Zhao, Tianshou, 2021. "A coupled machine learning and genetic algorithm approach to the design of porous electrodes for redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    3. Cheng, Ziqiang & Tenny, Kevin M. & Pizzolato, Alberto & Forner-Cuenca, Antoni & Verda, Vittorio & Chiang, Yet-Ming & Brushett, Fikile R. & Behrou, Reza, 2020. "Data-driven electrode parameter identification for vanadium redox flow batteries through experimental and numerical methods," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    4. Sun, J. & Jiang, H.R. & Wu, M.C. & Fan, X.Z. & Chao, C.Y.H. & Zhao, T.S., 2020. "Aligned hierarchical electrodes for high-performance aqueous redox flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).

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