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Increasing the operational capability of a horizontal axis wind turbine by its integration with a vertical axis wind turbine

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  • Govind, Bala

Abstract

A major difficulty encountered by a horizontal axis wind turbine is the limit of aerodynamic torque that it can withstand at high wind speeds. A novel strategy is proposed to improve the operational capability of a prototype scale system by increasing its rated wind speed for power generation. This is achieved by integrating its drivetrain with that of a vertical axis wind turbine supported on a common tower. Excess torque is transferred from the horizontal axis rotor to the vertical axis rotor’s drivetrain by coupling them using a continuously variable transmission. In this article, firstly, the concepts of motion transfer that facilitate this combined operation are discussed. A combination of a 12-kW horizontal axis rotor and a 10-kW vertical axis wind turbine is studied to estimate the increased benefit of increments in rated wind speed. Performance of this hybrid system is predicted at potential wind sites and is shown to exceed the standalone mechanical power output of both subsystems under different wind regimes. The critical criterion of the system’s aerodynamic feasibility is then investigated. Turbulence modelling is performed for a configuration which involves a combination of the NREL Phase VI rotor and a NACA 0021 profiled vertical axis H-rotor. A 3-D simulation, using a validated k-ω (Shear Stress Transport) computational fluid dynamics model helps confirm the ability of both turbines to operate aerodynamically independent of each other. Further, by this methodology, a safe clearance between the two rotors is pre-determined. Analysis of turbulent flow scenarios reveals the characteristic effects of aerodynamic torque ripple experienced by the vertical axis wind turbine and its impact on combined power output. Parameters outlined in this article will be of assistance in the practical implementation of the integrated axes wind turbine.

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  • Govind, Bala, 2017. "Increasing the operational capability of a horizontal axis wind turbine by its integration with a vertical axis wind turbine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 479-494.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:199:y:2017:i:c:p:479-494
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.04.070
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    4. Lin, Zhongwei & Chen, Zhenyu & Liu, Jizhen & Wu, Qiuwei, 2019. "Coordinated mechanical loads and power optimization of wind energy conversion systems with variable-weight model predictive control strategy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 307-317.
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    6. Yosry, Ahmed Gharib & Álvarez, Eduardo Álvarez & Valdés, Rodolfo Espina & Pandal, Adrián & Marigorta, Eduardo Blanco, 2023. "Experimental and multiphase modeling of small vertical-axis hydrokinetic turbine with free-surface variations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 788-801.
    7. Xu, You-Lin & Peng, Yi-Xin & Zhan, Sheng, 2019. "Optimal blade pitch function and control device for high-solidity straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1613-1625.
    8. Su, Jie & Chen, Yaoran & Han, Zhaolong & Zhou, Dai & Bao, Yan & Zhao, Yongsheng, 2020. "Investigation of V-shaped blade for the performance improvement of vertical axis wind turbines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    9. Chong, Wen-Tong & Muzammil, Wan Khairul & Wong, Kok-Hoe & Wang, Chin-Tsan & Gwani, Mohammed & Chu, Yung-Jeh & Poh, Sin-Chew, 2017. "Cross axis wind turbine: Pushing the limit of wind turbine technology with complementary design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 78-95.
    10. Bundi, Josephat Machoka & Ban, Xiaojun & Wekesa, David Wafula & Ding, Shuchen, 2020. "Pitch control of small H-type Darrieus vertical axis wind turbines using advanced gain scheduling techniques," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 756-765.

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