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Optimal operation of fuel cell/wind turbine hybrid power system under turbulent wind and variable load

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  • Bizon, Nicu

Abstract

In this paper is proposed a new Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) algorithm for optimal operation of Wind Turbine (WT) under turbulent wind. In this proposal the dithers’ amplitude is WT system dependent, not constant or decreasing exponentially as in the classic ESC schemes. So, instead of one, the proposed ESC scheme has two loops: (1) the classic ESC loop controlled by the loop gain (k1) to accurately find the Maximum Power Point (MPP); (2) the anticipative ESC loop controlled by the dither gain (k2) to speed-up the localization of the current MPP under turbulent wind. The obtained results for a 100 Hz dither highlight the performance of the ESC-based MPP tracking algorithm proposed: about 99.9% tracking accuracy and a searching time less than 120 ms. This performance assures a tracking efficiency higher than 99% even for gusts of wind that may occur. The Fuel Cell is proposed as backup energy source for WT Hybrid Power System to sustain the load demand and reduce the size of the Energy Storage System (ESS), even for a high variability of the WT power. In comparison with Static Feed-Forward (sFF) strategy, a fuel economy of 5 lpm can be obtained using the ESC-based Real-Time Optimization (RTO) strategies proposed here, which means about 10% from the nominal fuel consumption.

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  • Bizon, Nicu, 2018. "Optimal operation of fuel cell/wind turbine hybrid power system under turbulent wind and variable load," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 196-209.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:212:y:2018:i:c:p:196-209
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.12.034
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    Cited by:

    1. Bizon, Nicu, 2019. "Real-time optimization strategies of Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Systems based on Load-following control: A new strategy, and a comparative study of topologies and fuel economy obtained," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 444-460.
    2. Florentina Magda Enescu & Fernando Georgel Birleanu & Maria Simona Raboaca & Mircea Raceanu & Nicu Bizon & Phatiphat Thounthong, 2023. "Electric Vehicle Charging Station Based on Photovoltaic Energy with or without the Support of a Fuel Cell–Electrolyzer Unit," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-19, January.
    3. Maestre, V.M. & Ortiz, A. & Ortiz, I., 2021. "Challenges and prospects of renewable hydrogen-based strategies for full decarbonization of stationary power applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    4. Sherif A. Zaid & Ahmed M. Kassem & Aadel M. Alatwi & Hani Albalawi & Hossam AbdelMeguid & Atef Elemary, 2023. "Optimal Control of an Autonomous Microgrid Integrated with Super Magnetic Energy Storage Using an Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-19, May.
    5. Nicu Bizon & Mihai Oproescu, 2018. "Experimental Comparison of Three Real-Time Optimization Strategies Applied to Renewable/FC-Based Hybrid Power Systems Based on Load-Following Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-32, December.
    6. Habib Benbouhenni & Nicu Bizon, 2021. "A Synergetic Sliding Mode Controller Applied to Direct Field-Oriented Control of Induction Generator-Based Variable Speed Dual-Rotor Wind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-17, July.
    7. Bizon, Nicu, 2018. "Effective mitigation of the load pulses by controlling the battery/SMES hybrid energy storage system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 459-473.
    8. Bizon, Nicu, 2019. "Fuel saving strategy using real-time switching of the fueling regulators in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    9. Bizon, Nicu, 2019. "Hybrid power sources (HPSs) for space applications: Analysis of PEMFC/Battery/SMES HPS under unknown load containing pulses," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 14-37.
    10. Nguyen, Thi Anh Tuyet & Chou, Shuo-Yan, 2019. "Improved maintenance optimization of offshore wind systems considering effects of government subsidies, lost production and discounted cost model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    11. Bizon, Nicu & Thounthong, Phatiphat, 2018. "Real-time strategies to optimize the fueling of the fuel cell hybrid power source: A review of issues, challenges and a new approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 1089-1102.
    12. Nicu Bizon & Alin Gheorghita Mazare & Laurentiu Mihai Ionescu & Phatiphat Thounthong & Erol Kurt & Mihai Oproescu & Gheorghe Serban & Ioan Lita, 2019. "Better Fuel Economy by Optimizing Airflow of the Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Systems Using Fuel Flow-Based Load-Following Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-17, July.
    13. Nicu Bizon & Phatiphat Thounthong, 2021. "A Simple and Safe Strategy for Improving the Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell Vehicle," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-29, March.

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