IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/nature/v557y2018i7707d10.1038_s41586-018-0129-8.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Approaching the Schottky–Mott limit in van der Waals metal–semiconductor junctions

Author

Listed:
  • Yuan Liu

    (University of California
    College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University)

  • Jian Guo

    (University of California)

  • Enbo Zhu

    (University of California)

  • Lei Liao

    (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University)

  • Sung-Joon Lee

    (University of California)

  • Mengning Ding

    (University of California)

  • Imran Shakir

    (College of Engineering, King Saud University)

  • Vincent Gambin

    (Northrop Grumman Corporation)

  • Yu Huang

    (University of California
    California Nanosystems Institute, University of California)

  • Xiangfeng Duan

    (California Nanosystems Institute, University of California
    University of California)

Abstract

The junctions formed at the contact between metallic electrodes and semiconductor materials are crucial components of electronic and optoelectronic devices 1 . Metal–semiconductor junctions are characterized by an energy barrier known as the Schottky barrier, whose height can, in the ideal case, be predicted by the Schottky–Mott rule2–4 on the basis of the relative alignment of energy levels. Such ideal physics has rarely been experimentally realized, however, because of the inevitable chemical disorder and Fermi-level pinning at typical metal–semiconductor interfaces2,5–12. Here we report the creation of van der Waals metal–semiconductor junctions in which atomically flat metal thin films are laminated onto two-dimensional semiconductors without direct chemical bonding, creating an interface that is essentially free from chemical disorder and Fermi-level pinning. The Schottky barrier height, which approaches the Schottky–Mott limit, is dictated by the work function of the metal and is thus highly tunable. By transferring metal films (silver or platinum) with a work function that matches the conduction band or valence band edges of molybdenum sulfide, we achieve transistors with a two-terminal electron mobility at room temperature of 260 centimetres squared per volt per second and a hole mobility of 175 centimetres squared per volt per second. Furthermore, by using asymmetric contact pairs with different work functions, we demonstrate a silver/molybdenum sulfide/platinum photodiode with an open-circuit voltage of 1.02 volts. Our study not only experimentally validates the fundamental limit of ideal metal–semiconductor junctions but also defines a highly efficient and damage-free strategy for metal integration that could be used in high-performance electronics and optoelectronics.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuan Liu & Jian Guo & Enbo Zhu & Lei Liao & Sung-Joon Lee & Mengning Ding & Imran Shakir & Vincent Gambin & Yu Huang & Xiangfeng Duan, 2018. "Approaching the Schottky–Mott limit in van der Waals metal–semiconductor junctions," Nature, Nature, vol. 557(7707), pages 696-700, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:557:y:2018:i:7707:d:10.1038_s41586-018-0129-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0129-8
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0129-8
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41586-018-0129-8?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Liting Liu & Yang Chen & Long Chen & Biao Xie & Guoli Li & Lingan Kong & Quanyang Tao & Zhiwei Li & Xiaokun Yang & Zheyi Lu & Likuan Ma & Donglin Lu & Xiangdong Yang & Yuan Liu, 2024. "Ultrashort vertical-channel MoS2 transistor using a self-aligned contact," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    2. Jun Yu & Han Wang & Fuwei Zhuge & Zirui Chen & Man Hu & Xiang Xu & Yuhui He & Ying Ma & Xiangshui Miao & Tianyou Zhai, 2023. "Simultaneously ultrafast and robust two-dimensional flash memory devices based on phase-engineered edge contacts," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Zheyi Lu & Yang Chen & Weiqi Dang & Lingan Kong & Quanyang Tao & Likuan Ma & Donglin Lu & Liting Liu & Wanying Li & Zhiwei Li & Xiao Liu & Yiliu Wang & Xidong Duan & Lei Liao & Yuan Liu, 2023. "Wafer-scale high-κ dielectrics for two-dimensional circuits via van der Waals integration," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    4. Koosha Nassiri Nazif & Alwin Daus & Jiho Hong & Nayeun Lee & Sam Vaziri & Aravindh Kumar & Frederick Nitta & Michelle E. Chen & Siavash Kananian & Raisul Islam & Kwan-Ho Kim & Jin-Hong Park & Ada S. Y, 2021. "High-specific-power flexible transition metal dichalcogenide solar cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Maosong Xie & Yueyang Jia & Chen Nie & Zuheng Liu & Alvin Tang & Shiquan Fan & Xiaoyao Liang & Li Jiang & Zhezhi He & Rui Yang, 2023. "Monolithic 3D integration of 2D transistors and vertical RRAMs in 1T–4R structure for high-density memory," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    6. Hang Xia & Xiaoru Sang & Zhiwen Shu & Zude Shi & Zefen Li & Shasha Guo & Xiuyun An & Caitian Gao & Fucai Liu & Huigao Duan & Zheng Liu & Yongmin He, 2023. "The practice of reaction window in an electrocatalytic on-chip microcell," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    7. Chenxinyu Pan & Yuanbiao Tong & Haoliang Qian & Alexey V. Krasavin & Jialin Li & Jiajie Zhu & Yiyun Zhang & Bowen Cui & Zhiyong Li & Chenming Wu & Lufang Liu & Linjun Li & Xin Guo & Anatoly V. Zayats , 2024. "Large area single crystal gold of single nanometer thickness for nanophotonics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    8. Yaoqiang Zhou & Lei Tong & Zefeng Chen & Li Tao & Yue Pang & Jian-Bin Xu, 2023. "Contact-engineered reconfigurable two-dimensional Schottky junction field-effect transistor with low leakage currents," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    9. Xiangbin Cai & Zefei Wu & Xu Han & Yong Chen & Shuigang Xu & Jiangxiazi Lin & Tianyi Han & Pingge He & Xuemeng Feng & Liheng An & Run Shi & Jingwei Wang & Zhehan Ying & Yuan Cai & Mengyuan Hua & Junwe, 2022. "Bridging the gap between atomically thin semiconductors and metal leads," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    10. Hyeongwoo Lee & Sujeong Kim & Seonhye Eom & Gangseon Ji & Soo Ho Choi & Huitae Joo & Jinhyuk Bae & Ki Kang Kim & Vasily Kravtsov & Hyeong-Ryeol Park & Kyoung-Duck Park, 2024. "Quantum tunneling high-speed nano-excitonic modulator," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    11. Gyuho Myeong & Wongil Shin & Kyunghwan Sung & Seungho Kim & Hongsik Lim & Boram Kim & Taehyeok Jin & Jihoon Park & Taehun Lee & Michael S. Fuhrer & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Fei Liu & Sungj, 2022. "Dirac-source diode with sub-unity ideality factor," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-6, December.
    12. Xinyu Chen & Yufeng Xie & Yaochen Sheng & Hongwei Tang & Zeming Wang & Yu Wang & Yin Wang & Fuyou Liao & Jingyi Ma & Xiaojiao Guo & Ling Tong & Hanqi Liu & Hao Liu & Tianxiang Wu & Jiaxin Cao & Sitong, 2021. "Wafer-scale functional circuits based on two dimensional semiconductors with fabrication optimized by machine learning," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-8, December.
    13. Seunguk Song & Aram Yoon & Jong-Kwon Ha & Jihoon Yang & Sora Jang & Chloe Leblanc & Jaewon Wang & Yeoseon Sim & Deep Jariwala & Seung Kyu Min & Zonghoon Lee & Soon-Yong Kwon, 2022. "Atomic transistors based on seamless lateral metal-semiconductor junctions with a sub-1-nm transfer length," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    14. Weiting Xu & Jiayang Jiang & Yujia Chen & Ning Tang & Chengbao Jiang & Shengxue Yang, 2024. "Single-crystalline High-κ GdOCl dielectric for two-dimensional field-effect transistors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    15. Xiaokun Yang & Rui He & Zheyi Lu & Yang Chen & Liting Liu & Donglin Lu & Likuan Ma & Quanyang Tao & Lingan Kong & Zhaojing Xiao & Songlong Liu & Zhiwei Li & Shuimei Ding & Xiao Liu & Yunxin Li & Yiliu, 2024. "Large-scale sub-5-nm vertical transistors by van der Waals integration," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    16. Seunguk Song & Aram Yoon & Sora Jang & Jason Lynch & Jihoon Yang & Juwon Han & Myeonggi Choe & Young Ho Jin & Cindy Yueli Chen & Yeryun Cheon & Jinsung Kwak & Changwook Jeong & Hyeonsik Cheong & Deep , 2023. "Fabrication of p-type 2D single-crystalline transistor arrays with Fermi-level-tuned van der Waals semimetal electrodes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    17. Lingan Kong & Ruixia Wu & Yang Chen & Ying Huangfu & Liting Liu & Wei Li & Donglin Lu & Quanyang Tao & Wenjing Song & Wanying Li & Zheyi Lu & Xiao Liu & Yunxin Li & Zhiwei Li & Wei Tong & Shuimei Ding, 2023. "Wafer-scale and universal van der Waals metal semiconductor contact," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    18. Xuanzhang Li & Yang Wei & Zhijie Wang & Ya Kong & Yipeng Su & Gaotian Lu & Zhen Mei & Yi Su & Guangqi Zhang & Jianhua Xiao & Liang Liang & Jia Li & Qunqing Li & Jin Zhang & Shoushan Fan & Yuegang Zhan, 2023. "One-dimensional semimetal contacts to two-dimensional semiconductors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    19. Xiaodong Zhang & Chenxi Huang & Zeyu Li & Jun Fu & Jiaran Tian & Zhuping Ouyang & Yuliang Yang & Xiang Shao & Yulei Han & Zhenhua Qiao & Hualing Zeng, 2024. "Reliable wafer-scale integration of two-dimensional materials and metal electrodes with van der Waals contacts," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    20. Yue Hu & Jingwen Jiang & Peng Zhang & Zhuang Ma & Fuxin Guan & Da Li & Zhengfang Qian & Xiuwen Zhang & Pu Huang, 2023. "Prediction of nonlayered oxide monolayers as flexible high-κ dielectrics with negative Poisson’s ratios," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    21. Yanghang Pan & Xinzhu Wang & Weiyang Zhang & Lingyu Tang & Zhangyan Mu & Cheng Liu & Bailin Tian & Muchun Fei & Yamei Sun & Huanhuan Su & Libo Gao & Peng Wang & Xiangfeng Duan & Jing Ma & Mengning Din, 2022. "Boosting the performance of single-atom catalysts via external electric field polarization," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    22. Lu Li & Qinqin Wang & Fanfan Wu & Qiaoling Xu & Jinpeng Tian & Zhiheng Huang & Qinghe Wang & Xuan Zhao & Qinghua Zhang & Qinkai Fan & Xiuzhen Li & Yalin Peng & Yangkun Zhang & Kunshan Ji & Aomiao Zhi , 2024. "Epitaxy of wafer-scale single-crystal MoS2 monolayer via buffer layer control," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:557:y:2018:i:7707:d:10.1038_s41586-018-0129-8. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.