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Immunological imprinting of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children

Author

Listed:
  • Alexander C. Dowell

    (University of Birmingham)

  • Tara Lancaster

    (University of Birmingham)

  • Rachel Bruton

    (University of Birmingham)

  • Georgina Ireland

    (UK Health Security Agency)

  • Christopher Bentley

    (University of Birmingham)

  • Panagiota Sylla

    (University of Birmingham)

  • Jianmin Zuo

    (University of Birmingham)

  • Sam Scott

    (MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research)

  • Azar Jadir

    (University of Birmingham)

  • Jusnara Begum

    (University of Birmingham)

  • Thomas Roberts

    (University of Birmingham)

  • Christine Stephens

    (University of Birmingham)

  • Shabana Ditta

    (Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Rebecca Shepherdson

    (Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Annabel A. Powell

    (UK Health Security Agency)

  • Andrew J. Brent

    (Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    University of Oxford, Wellington Square)

  • Bernadette Brent

    (Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Frances Baawuah

    (UK Health Security Agency)

  • Ifeanyichukwu Okike

    (UK Health Security Agency
    University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Joanne Beckmann

    (East London NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Shazaad Ahmad

    (Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Felicity Aiano

    (UK Health Security Agency)

  • Joanna Garstang

    (Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust)

  • Mary E. Ramsay

    (UK Health Security Agency)

  • Rafaq Azad

    (Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Dagmar Waiblinger

    (Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Brian Willett

    (MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research)

  • John Wright

    (Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Shamez N. Ladhani

    (UK Health Security Agency)

  • Paul Moss

    (University of Birmingham)

Abstract

Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 are globally dominant and infection rates are very high in children. We measure immune responses following Omicron BA.1/2 infection in children aged 6-14 years and relate this to prior and subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Primary Omicron infection elicits a weak antibody response with poor functional neutralizing antibodies. Subsequent Omicron reinfection or COVID-19 vaccination elicits increased antibody titres with broad neutralisation of Omicron subvariants. Prior pre-Omicron SARS-CoV-2 virus infection or vaccination primes for robust antibody responses following Omicron infection but these remain primarily focussed against ancestral variants. Primary Omicron infection thus elicits a weak antibody response in children which is boosted after reinfection or vaccination. Cellular responses are robust and broadly equivalent in all groups, providing protection against severe disease irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 variant. Immunological imprinting is likely to act as an important determinant of long-term humoral immunity, the future clinical importance of which is unknown.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexander C. Dowell & Tara Lancaster & Rachel Bruton & Georgina Ireland & Christopher Bentley & Panagiota Sylla & Jianmin Zuo & Sam Scott & Azar Jadir & Jusnara Begum & Thomas Roberts & Christine Step, 2023. "Immunological imprinting of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-39575-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39575-2
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    1. Alessia Raineri & Thomas Radtke & Sonja Rueegg & Sarah R. Haile & Dominik Menges & Tala Ballouz & Agne Ulyte & Jan Fehr & Daniel L. Cornejo & Giuseppe Pantaleo & Céline Pellaton & Craig Fenwick & Milo, 2023. "Persistent humoral immune response in youth throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: prospective school-based cohort study," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Jernej Pušnik & Jasmin Zorn & Werner O. Monzon-Posadas & Kathrin Peters & Emmanuil Osypchuk & Sabine Blaschke & Hendrik Streeck, 2024. "Vaccination impairs de novo immune response to omicron breakthrough infection, a precondition for the original antigenic sin," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.

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