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ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) or nCoV-19-Beta (AZD2816) protect Syrian hamsters against Beta Delta and Omicron variants

Author

Listed:
  • Neeltje van Doremalen

    (Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health)

  • Jonathan E. Schulz

    (Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health)

  • Danielle R. Adney

    (Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
    Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Comparative Medicine)

  • Taylor A. Saturday

    (Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health)

  • Robert J. Fischer

    (Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health)

  • Claude Kwe Yinda

    (Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health)

  • Nazia Thakur

    (Viral Glycoproteins Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright
    University of Oxford)

  • Joseph Newman

    (Viral Glycoproteins Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright)

  • Marta Ulaszewska

    (University of Oxford)

  • Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer

    (University of Oxford)

  • Greg Saturday

    (Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health)

  • Alexandra J. Spencer

    (University of Oxford)

  • Dalan Bailey

    (Viral Glycoproteins Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright)

  • Colin A. Russell

    (University of Amsterdam)

  • Sarah C. Gilbert

    (University of Oxford)

  • Teresa Lambe

    (University of Oxford
    University of Oxford)

  • Vincent J. Munster

    (Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health)

Abstract

ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) is a replication-deficient simian adenovirus–vectored vaccine encoding the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, based on the first published full-length sequence (Wuhan-1). AZD1222 has been shown to have 74% vaccine efficacy against symptomatic disease in clinical trials. However, variants of concern (VoCs) have been detected, with substitutions that are associated with a reduction in virus neutralizing antibody titer. Updating vaccines to include S proteins of VoCs may be beneficial, even though current real-world data is suggesting good efficacy following boosting with vaccines encoding the ancestral S protein. Using the Syrian hamster model, we evaluate the effect of a single dose of AZD2816, encoding the S protein of the Beta VoC, and efficacy of AZD1222/AZD2816 as a heterologous primary series against challenge with the Beta or Delta variant. Minimal to no viral sgRNA could be detected in lungs of vaccinated animals obtained at 3- or 5- days post inoculation, in contrast to lungs of control animals. In Omicron-challenged hamsters, a single dose of AZD2816 or AZD1222 reduced virus shedding. Thus, these vaccination regimens are protective against the Beta, Delta, and Omicron VoCs in the hamster model.

Suggested Citation

  • Neeltje van Doremalen & Jonathan E. Schulz & Danielle R. Adney & Taylor A. Saturday & Robert J. Fischer & Claude Kwe Yinda & Nazia Thakur & Joseph Newman & Marta Ulaszewska & Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfe, 2022. "ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) or nCoV-19-Beta (AZD2816) protect Syrian hamsters against Beta Delta and Omicron variants," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-32248-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32248-6
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    as


    Cited by:

    1. Julia R. Port & Claude Kwe Yinda & Jade C. Riopelle & Zachary A. Weishampel & Taylor A. Saturday & Victoria A. Avanzato & Jonathan E. Schulz & Myndi G. Holbrook & Kent Barbian & Rose Perry-Gottschalk , 2023. "Infection- or AZD1222 vaccine-mediated immunity reduces SARS-CoV-2 transmission but increases Omicron competitiveness in hamsters," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Arthur Wickenhagen & Meaghan Flagg & Julia R. Port & Claude Kwe Yinda & Kerry Goldin & Shane Gallogly & Jonathan E. Schulz & Tessa Lutterman & Brandi N. Williamson & Franziska Kaiser & Reshma K. Mukes, 2025. "Evolution of Omicron lineage towards increased fitness in the upper respiratory tract in the absence of severe lung pathology," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-15, December.
    3. James Logue & Robert M. Johnson & Nita Patel & Bin Zhou & Sonia Maciejewski & Bryant Foreman & Haixia Zhou & Alyse D. Portnoff & Jing-Hui Tian & Asma Rehman & Marisa E. McGrath & Robert E. Haupt & Stu, 2023. "Immunogenicity and protection of a variant nanoparticle vaccine that confers broad neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.
    4. Eakachai Prompetchara & Chutitorn Ketloy & Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh & Kittipan Tharakhet & Papatsara Kaewpang & Nongnaphat Yostrerat & Patrawadee Pitakpolrat & Supranee Buranapraditkun & Suwimon Manopwi, 2023. "Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine encoding secreted non-stabilized spike in female mice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.

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