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Comparison of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in Australian children

Author

Listed:
  • Zheng Quan Toh

    (Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
    The University of Melbourne)

  • Nadia Mazarakis

    (Murdoch Children’s Research Institute)

  • Jill Nguyen

    (Murdoch Children’s Research Institute)

  • Rachel A. Higgins

    (Murdoch Children’s Research Institute)

  • Jeremy Anderson

    (Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
    The University of Melbourne)

  • Lien Anh Ha Do

    (Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
    The University of Melbourne)

  • David P. Burgner

    (Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
    The University of Melbourne
    The Royal Children’s Hospital)

  • Nigel Curtis

    (Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
    The University of Melbourne
    The Royal Children’s Hospital)

  • Andrew C. Steer

    (Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
    The University of Melbourne
    The Royal Children’s Hospital)

  • Kim Mulholland

    (Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
    The University of Melbourne
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)

  • Nigel W. Crawford

    (Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
    The University of Melbourne
    The Royal Children’s Hospital)

  • Shidan Tosif

    (Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
    The University of Melbourne
    The Royal Children’s Hospital)

  • Paul V. Licciardi

    (Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
    The University of Melbourne)

Abstract

There is limited understanding of antibody responses in children across different SARS-CoV-2 variants. As part of an ongoing household cohort study, we assessed the antibody response among unvaccinated children infected with Wuhan, Delta, or Omicron variants, as well as vaccinated children with breakthrough Omicron infection, using a SARS-CoV-2 S1-specific IgG assay and surrogate virus neutralization test (% inhibition). Most children infected with Delta (100%, 35/35) or Omicron (81.3%, 13/16) variants seroconverted by one month following infection. In contrast, 37.5% (21/56) children infected with Wuhan seroconverted, as previously reported. However, Omicron-infected children (geometric mean concentration 46.4 binding antibody units/ml; % inhibition = 16.3%) mounted a significantly lower antibody response than Delta (435.5 binding antibody untis/mL, % inhibition = 76.9%) or Wuhan (359.0 binding antibody units/mL, % inhibition = 74.0%). Vaccinated children with breakthrough Omicron infection mounted the highest antibody response (2856 binding antibody units/mL, % inhibition = 96.5%). Our findings suggest that despite a high seropositivity rate, Omicron infection in children results in lower antibody levels and function compared with Wuhan or Delta infection or with vaccinated children with breakthrough Omicron infection. Our data have important implications for public health measures and vaccination strategies to protect children.

Suggested Citation

  • Zheng Quan Toh & Nadia Mazarakis & Jill Nguyen & Rachel A. Higgins & Jeremy Anderson & Lien Anh Ha Do & David P. Burgner & Nigel Curtis & Andrew C. Steer & Kim Mulholland & Nigel W. Crawford & Shidan , 2022. "Comparison of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in Australian children," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-5, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-34983-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34983-2
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    1. Asmaa Hachim & Haogao Gu & Otared Kavian & Masashi Mori & Mike Y. W. Kwan & Wai Hung Chan & Yat Sun Yau & Susan S. Chiu & Owen T. Y. Tsang & David S. C. Hui & Chris K. P. Mok & Fionn N. L. Ma & Eric H, 2022. "SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins reveal distinct serological signatures in children," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Rahul K. Suryawanshi & Irene P. Chen & Tongcui Ma & Abdullah M. Syed & Noah Brazer & Prachi Saldhi & Camille R. Simoneau & Alison Ciling & Mir M. Khalid & Bharath Sreekumar & Pei-Yi Chen & G. Renuka K, 2022. "Limited cross-variant immunity from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron without vaccination," Nature, Nature, vol. 607(7918), pages 351-355, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alexander C. Dowell & Tara Lancaster & Rachel Bruton & Georgina Ireland & Christopher Bentley & Panagiota Sylla & Jianmin Zuo & Sam Scott & Azar Jadir & Jusnara Begum & Thomas Roberts & Christine Step, 2023. "Immunological imprinting of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.

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