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Effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines among older adults in Shanghai: retrospective cohort study

Author

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  • Zhuoying Huang

    (Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Shuangfei Xu

    (Fudan University)

  • Jiechen Liu

    (Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Linlin Wu

    (Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Jing Qiu

    (Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Nan Wang

    (Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Jia Ren

    (Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Zhi Li

    (Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Xiang Guo

    (Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Fangfang Tao

    (Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Jian Chen

    (Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Donglei Lu

    (Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Yuheng Wang

    (Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Juan Li

    (Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Xiaodong Sun

    (Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Weibing Wang

    (Fudan University
    Fudan University
    Fudan University)

Abstract

We conducted a matched retrospective cohort study of two cohorts to estimate inactivated vaccine effectiveness (VE) and its comparative effectiveness of booster dose among older people in Shanghai. Cohort 1 consisted of a vaccinated group (≥1 dose) and an unvaccinated group (3,317,475 pairs), and cohort 2 consisted of a booster vaccinated group and a fully vaccinated group (2,084,721 pairs). The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression models were used to estimate risk and hazard ratios (HRs) study outcomes. For cohort 1, the overall estimated VEs of ≥1 dose of inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe/critical Covid-19, and Covid-19 related death were 24.7% (95%CI 23.7%−25.7%), 86.6% (83.1%−89.4%), and 93.2% (88.0%−96.1%), respectively. Subset analysis showed that the booster vaccination provided greatest protection. For cohort 2, compared with full vaccination, relative VEs of booster dose against corresponding outcome were 16.3% (14.4%−17.9%), 60.5% (37.8%−74.9%), and 81.7% (17.5%−95.9%). Here we show, although under the scenario of persistent dynamic zero-Covid policy and non-pharmaceutical interventions, promoting high uptake of the full vaccination series and booster dose among older adults is critically important. Timely vaccination with the booster dose provided effective protection against Covid-19 outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhuoying Huang & Shuangfei Xu & Jiechen Liu & Linlin Wu & Jing Qiu & Nan Wang & Jia Ren & Zhi Li & Xiang Guo & Fangfang Tao & Jian Chen & Donglei Lu & Yuheng Wang & Juan Li & Xiaodong Sun & Weibing Wa, 2023. "Effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines among older adults in Shanghai: retrospective cohort study," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-37673-9
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37673-9
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