IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v13y2022i1d10.1038_s41467-022-29086-x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Growing single crystals of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks enabled by intermediate tracing study

Author

Listed:
  • Chengjun Kang

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Kuiwei Yang

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Zhaoqiang Zhang

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Adam K. Usadi

    (ExxonMobil Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd., 1 HarbourFront Place HarbourFront Tower 1)

  • David C. Calabro

    (Corporate Strategic Research Laboratory, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company)

  • Lisa Saunders Baugh

    (Corporate Strategic Research Laboratory, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company)

  • Yuxiang Wang

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Jianwen Jiang

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Xiaodong Zou

    (Stockholm University)

  • Zhehao Huang

    (Stockholm University)

  • Dan Zhao

    (National University of Singapore)

Abstract

Resolving single-crystal structures of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) is a great challenge, hindered in part by limited strategies for growing high-quality crystals. A better understanding of the growth mechanism facilitates development of methods to grow high-quality 2D COF single crystals. Here, we take a different perspective to explore the 2D COF growth process by tracing growth intermediates. We discover two different growth mechanisms, nucleation and self-healing, in which self-assembly and pre-arrangement of monomers and oligomers are important factors for obtaining highly crystalline 2D COFs. These findings enable us to grow micron-sized 2D single crystalline COF Py-1P. The crystal structure of Py-1P is successfully characterized by three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED), which confirms that Py-1P does, in part, adopt the widely predicted AA stacking structure. In addition, we find the majority of Py-1P crystals (>90%) have a previously unknown structure, containing 6 stacking layers within one unit cell.

Suggested Citation

  • Chengjun Kang & Kuiwei Yang & Zhaoqiang Zhang & Adam K. Usadi & David C. Calabro & Lisa Saunders Baugh & Yuxiang Wang & Jianwen Jiang & Xiaodong Zou & Zhehao Huang & Dan Zhao, 2022. "Growing single crystals of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks enabled by intermediate tracing study," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-29086-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29086-x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29086-x
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-022-29086-x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Omar M. Yaghi & Michael O'Keeffe & Nathan W. Ockwig & Hee K. Chae & Mohamed Eddaoudi & Jaheon Kim, 2003. "Reticular synthesis and the design of new materials," Nature, Nature, vol. 423(6941), pages 705-714, June.
    2. Lan Peng & Qianying Guo & Chaoyu Song & Samrat Ghosh & Huoshu Xu & Liqian Wang & Dongdong Hu & Lei Shi & Ling Zhao & Qiaowei Li & Tsuneaki Sakurai & Hugen Yan & Shu Seki & Yunqi Liu & Dacheng Wei, 2021. "Ultra-fast single-crystal polymerization of large-sized covalent organic frameworks," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Sandy Wong & Jiacheng Zhao & Cheng Cao & Chin Ken Wong & Rhiannon P. Kuchel & Sergio Luca & James M. Hook & Christopher J. Garvey & Sean Smith & Junming Ho & Martina H. Stenzel, 2019. "Just add sugar for carbohydrate induced self-assembly of curcumin," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-9, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zheng Lin & Xiangkun Yu & Zijian Zhao & Ning Ding & Changchun Wang & Ke Hu & Youliang Zhu & Jia Guo, 2025. "Controlling crystallization in covalent organic frameworks to facilitate photocatalytic hydrogen production," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Tianwei Xue & Li Peng & Chengbin Liu & Ruiqing Li & Rongxing Qiu & Yunyang Qian & Xinyu Guan & Shanshan Shi & Guangkuo Xu & Lilin Zhu & Shuliang Yang & Jun Li & Hai-Long Jiang, 2025. "Synthesis of high quality two dimensional covalent organic frameworks through a self-sacrificing guest strategy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-11, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mohammadreza Beydaghdari & Fahimeh Hooriabad Saboor & Aziz Babapoor & Vikram V. Karve & Mehrdad Asgari, 2022. "Recent Advances in MOF-Based Adsorbents for Dye Removal from the Aquatic Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-34, March.
    2. Li, Lirong & Jung, Han Sol & Lee, Jae Won & Kang, Yong Tae, 2022. "Review on applications of metal–organic frameworks for CO2 capture and the performance enhancement mechanisms," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    3. Raoof, Jahan-Bakhsh & Hosseini, Sayed Reza & Ojani, Reza & Mandegarzad, Sakineh, 2015. "MOF-derived Cu/nanoporous carbon composite and its application for electro-catalysis of hydrogen evolution reaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P1), pages 1075-1081.
    4. Gordeeva, L.G. & Aristov, Yu.I., 2019. "Adsorptive heat storage and amplification: New cycles and adsorbents," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 440-453.
    5. Karmakar, Avishek & Prabakaran, Vivekh & Zhao, Dan & Chua, Kian Jon, 2020. "A review of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as energy-efficient desiccants for adsorption driven heat-transformation applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    6. Chakrabortty, Sankha & Kumar, Ramesh & Nayak, Jayato & Jeon, Byong-Hun & Dargar, Shashi Kant & Tripathy, Suraj K. & Pal, Parimal & Ha, Geon-Soo & Kim, Kwang Ho & Jasiński, Michał, 2023. "Green synthesis of MeOH derivatives through in situ catalytic transformations of captured CO2 in a membrane integrated photo-microreactor system: A state-of-art review for carbon capture and utilizati," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    7. Gordeeva, Larisa G. & Solovyeva, Marina V. & Sapienza, Alessio & Aristov, Yuri I., 2020. "Potable water extraction from the atmosphere: Potential of MOFs," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 72-80.
    8. Pooja Sindhu & K. S. Ananthram & Anil Jain & Kartick Tarafder & Nirmalya Ballav, 2023. "Insulator-to-metal-like transition in thin films of a biological metal-organic framework," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    9. Niaz Ali Khan & Runnan Zhang & Xiaoyao Wang & Li Cao & Chandra S. Azad & Chunyang Fan & Jinqiu Yuan & Mengying Long & Hong Wu & Mark. A. Olson & Zhongyi Jiang, 2022. "Assembling covalent organic framework membranes via phase switching for ultrafast molecular transport," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    10. Hong-Jing Zhu & Duan-Hui Si & Hui Guo & Ziao Chen & Rong Cao & Yuan-Biao Huang, 2024. "Oxygen-tolerant CO2 electroreduction over covalent organic frameworks via photoswitching control oxygen passivation strategy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    11. Tomoki Kitano & Syunto Goto & Xiaohan Wang & Takayuki Kamihara & Yoshihisa Sei & Yukihito Kondo & Takumi Sannomiya & Hidehiro Uekusa & Yoichi Murakami, 2025. "2.5-dimensional covalent organic frameworks," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-10, December.
    12. Louis Frentzel-Beyme & Pascal Kolodzeiski & Jan-Benedikt Weiß & Andreas Schneemann & Sebastian Henke, 2022. "Quantification of gas-accessible microporosity in metal-organic framework glasses," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    13. Tatsidjodoung, Parfait & Le Pierrès, Nolwenn & Luo, Lingai, 2013. "A review of potential materials for thermal energy storage in building applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 327-349.
    14. Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali & Abbas, Qaisar & Sayed, Enas Taha & Shehata, N. & Parambath, J.B.M. & Alami, Abdul Hai & Olabi, A.G., 2024. "Recent advances on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their applications in energy conversion devices: Comprehensive review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    15. Ryunosuke Hayashi & Shohei Tashiro & Masahiro Asakura & Shinya Mitsui & Mitsuhiko Shionoya, 2023. "Effector-dependent structural transformation of a crystalline framework with allosteric effects on molecular recognition ability," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    16. Wenhe Xie & Yuan Ren & Fengluan Jiang & Xin-Yu Huang & Bingjie Yu & Jianhong Liu & Jichun Li & Keyu Chen & Yidong Zou & Bingwen Hu & Yonghui Deng, 2023. "Solvent-pair surfactants enabled assembly of clusters and copolymers towards programmed mesoporous metal oxides," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    17. Chong-Chen Wang & Yuh-Shan Ho, 2016. "Research trend of metal–organic frameworks: a bibliometric analysis," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 109(1), pages 481-513, October.
    18. Jyoti Shanker Pandey & Nicolas von Solms, 2022. "Metal–Organic Frameworks and Gas Hydrate Synergy: A Pandora’s Box of Unanswered Questions and Revelations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-30, December.
    19. Yudai Ono & Takehiro Hirao & Naomi Kawata & Takeharu Haino, 2024. "Latent porosity of planar tris(phenylisoxazolyl)benzene," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    20. Onur Yildirim & Matteo Bonomo & Nadia Barbero & Cesare Atzori & Bartolomeo Civalleri & Francesca Bonino & Guido Viscardi & Claudia Barolo, 2020. "Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks as (Photo)Active Material in Hybrid Photovoltaic Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-48, October.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-29086-x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.