Green synthesis of MeOH derivatives through in situ catalytic transformations of captured CO2 in a membrane integrated photo-microreactor system: A state-of-art review for carbon capture and utilization

Globally, industrial production sectors have become increasingly concerned about reducing CO2 evolution, through planned carbonization with concurrent substitution of fossil fuels with renewable energy resources, since the release of the Paris climate accord regulations. CO2 is an inexpensive substrate used for the production of useful chemicals and fuels through various chemical and biological processes. As a result, reducing CO2 emissions while producing non-fossil fuels, such as methanol or its derivatives, could be an appealing solution to the global energy problems. The high cetane number, low autoignition temperature, and low extract pollutant value of dimethyl ether, one of the most valuable methanol derivatives, make it a clean and eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels. Recent literature from the last five years is critically reviewed in the present study to assess the current best practices for CO2 capture and conversion into high value fuels. Particular emphasis has been placed on atmospheric CO2 capture, photoconversion, and the downstream purification of the final product using membrane-based technologies for a sustainable future. Currently, there is a compelling need for an impending transition away from fossil fuel-based technologies toward inventive new technologies using renewable energy sources through carbon management via CO2 conversion and utilization.