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Cycle Life of Commercial Lithium-Ion Batteries with Lithium Titanium Oxide Anodes in Electric Vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • Xuebing Han

    (State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Minggao Ouyang

    (State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Languang Lu

    (State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Jianqiu Li

    (State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

Abstract

The lithium titanium oxide (LTO) anode is widely accepted as one of the best anodes for the future lithium ion batteries in electric vehicles (EVs), especially since its cycle life is very long. In this paper, three different commercial LTO cells from different manufacturers were studied in accelerated cycle life tests and their capacity fades were compared. The result indicates that under 55 °C, the LTO battery still shows a high capacity fade rate. The battery aging processes of all the commercial LTO cells clearly include two stages. Using the incremental capacity (IC) analysis, it could be judged that in the first stage, the battery capacity decreases mainly due to the loss of anode material and the degradation rate is lower. In the second stage, the battery capacity decreases much faster, mainly due to the degradation of the cathode material. The result is important for the state of health (SOH) estimation and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of battery management system (BMS) for LTO batteries in EVs.

Suggested Citation

  • Xuebing Han & Minggao Ouyang & Languang Lu & Jianqiu Li, 2014. "Cycle Life of Commercial Lithium-Ion Batteries with Lithium Titanium Oxide Anodes in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(8), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:7:y:2014:i:8:p:4895-4909:d:38668
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xiaosong Hu & Fengchun Sun & Yuan Zou, 2010. "Estimation of State of Charge of a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack for Electric Vehicles Using an Adaptive Luenberger Observer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 3(9), pages 1-18, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wen, Jianping & Chen, Xing & Li, Xianghe & Li, Yikun, 2022. "SOH prediction of lithium battery based on IC curve feature and BP neural network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PA).
    2. Chu Wang & Zehui Liu & Yaohong Sun & Yinghui Gao & Ping Yan, 2021. "Aging Behavior of Lithium Titanate Battery under High-Rate Discharging Cycle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-14, September.
    3. Farmann, Alexander & Waag, Wladislaw & Sauer, Dirk Uwe, 2016. "Application-specific electrical characterization of high power batteries with lithium titanate anodes for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 294-306.
    4. Calum Strange & Shawn Li & Richard Gilchrist & Gonçalo dos Reis, 2021. "Elbows of Internal Resistance Rise Curves in Li-Ion Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-15, February.
    5. S, Vignesh & Che, Hang Seng & Selvaraj, Jeyraj & Tey, Kok Soon & Lee, Jia Woon & Shareef, Hussain & Errouissi, Rachid, 2024. "State of Health (SoH) estimation methods for second life lithium-ion battery—Review and challenges," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 369(C).
    6. Yashraj Tripathy & Andrew McGordon & Chee Tong John Low, 2018. "A New Consideration for Validating Battery Performance at Low Ambient Temperatures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-16, September.
    7. Susanne Rothgang & Matthias Rogge & Jan Becker & Dirk Uwe Sauer, 2015. "Battery Design for Successful Electrification in Public Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-23, June.
    8. Dai, Haifeng & Jiang, Bo & Hu, Xiaosong & Lin, Xianke & Wei, Xuezhe & Pecht, Michael, 2021. "Advanced battery management strategies for a sustainable energy future: Multilayer design concepts and research trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    9. Min-Fu Hsieh & Po-Hsun Chen & Fu-Sheng Pai & Rui-Yang Weng, 2021. "Development of Supercapacitor-Aided Hybrid Energy Storage System to Enhance Battery Life Cycle of Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-13, July.
    10. Koh, S.C.L. & Smith, L. & Miah, J. & Astudillo, D. & Eufrasio, R.M. & Gladwin, D. & Brown, S. & Stone, D., 2021. "Higher 2nd life Lithium Titanate battery content in hybrid energy storage systems lowers environmental-economic impact and balances eco-efficiency," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    11. Chu Wang & Yaohong Sun & Yinghui Gao & Ping Yan, 2023. "The Incremental Capacity Curves and Frequency Response Characteristic Evolution of Lithium Titanate Battery during Ultra-High-Rate Discharging Cycles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-14, April.
    12. Liu, Sijia & Winter, Michaela & Lewerenz, Meinert & Becker, Jan & Sauer, Dirk Uwe & Ma, Zeyu & Jiang, Jiuchun, 2019. "Analysis of cyclic aging performance of commercial Li4Ti5O12-based batteries at room temperature," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 1041-1053.
    13. Weiping Diao & Saurabh Saxena & Bongtae Han & Michael Pecht, 2019. "Algorithm to Determine the Knee Point on Capacity Fade Curves of Lithium-Ion Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-9, July.
    14. Rogers, Daniel J. & Aslett, Louis J.M. & Troffaes, Matthias C.M., 2021. "Modelling of modular battery systems under cell capacity variation and degradation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    15. Chi Zhang & Fuwu Yan & Changqing Du & Jianqiang Kang & Richard Fiifi Turkson, 2017. "Evaluating the Degradation Mechanism and State of Health of LiFePO 4 Lithium-Ion Batteries in Real-World Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Application for Different Ageing Paths," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-13, January.
    16. Damian Burzyński & Robert Pietracho & Leszek Kasprzyk & Andrzej Tomczewski, 2019. "Analysis and Modeling of the Wear-Out Process of a Lithium-Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt Cell during Cycling Operation under Constant Load Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-12, October.
    17. Philipp Glücker & Klaus Kivekäs & Jari Vepsäläinen & Panagiotis Mouratidis & Maximilian Schneider & Stephan Rinderknecht & Kari Tammi, 2021. "Prolongation of Battery Lifetime for Electric Buses through Flywheel Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-19, February.
    18. Yang, Fangfang & Wang, Dong & Zhao, Yang & Tsui, Kwok-Leung & Bae, Suk Joo, 2018. "A study of the relationship between coulombic efficiency and capacity degradation of commercial lithium-ion batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 486-495.
    19. Wen Zhu & Yuesheng Wang & Dongqiang Liu & Vincent Gariépy & Catherine Gagnon & Ashok Vijh & Michel L. Trudeau & Karim Zaghib, 2018. "Application of Operando X-ray Diffractometry in Various Aspects of the Investigations of Lithium/Sodium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-41, November.
    20. Saeed Sepasi & Leon R. Roose & Marc M. Matsuura, 2015. "Extended Kalman Filter with a Fuzzy Method for Accurate Battery Pack State of Charge Estimation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-17, June.

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