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Application of Operando X-ray Diffractometry in Various Aspects of the Investigations of Lithium/Sodium-Ion Batteries

Author

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  • Wen Zhu

    (Centre d’excellence en électrification des Transports et Stockage d’énergie, 1806 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada)

  • Yuesheng Wang

    (Centre d’excellence en électrification des Transports et Stockage d’énergie, 1806 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada)

  • Dongqiang Liu

    (Centre d’excellence en électrification des Transports et Stockage d’énergie, 1806 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada)

  • Vincent Gariépy

    (Centre d’excellence en électrification des Transports et Stockage d’énergie, 1806 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada)

  • Catherine Gagnon

    (Centre d’excellence en électrification des Transports et Stockage d’énergie, 1806 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada)

  • Ashok Vijh

    (Centre d’excellence en électrification des Transports et Stockage d’énergie, 1806 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada)

  • Michel L. Trudeau

    (Centre d’excellence en électrification des Transports et Stockage d’énergie, 1806 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada)

  • Karim Zaghib

    (Centre d’excellence en électrification des Transports et Stockage d’énergie, 1806 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada)

Abstract

The main challenges facing rechargeable batteries today are: (1) increasing the electrode capacity; (2) prolonging the cycle life; (3) enhancing the rate performance and (4) insuring their safety. Significant efforts have been devoted to improve the present electrode materials as well as to develop and design new high performance electrodes. All of the efforts are based on the understanding of the materials, their working mechanisms, the impact of the structure and reaction mechanism on electrochemical performance. Various operando/in-situ methods are applied in studying rechargeable batteries to gain a better understanding of the crystal structure of the electrode materials and their behaviors during charge-discharge under various conditions. In the present review, we focus on applying operando X-ray techniques to investigate electrode materials, including the working mechanisms of different structured materials, the effect of size, cycling rate and temperature on the reaction mechanisms, the thermal stability of the electrodes, the degradation mechanism and the optimization of material synthesis. We demonstrate the importance of using operando/in-situ XRD and its combination with other techniques in examining the microstructural changes of the electrodes under various operating conditions, in both macro and atomic-scales. These results reveal the working and the degradation mechanisms of the electrodes and the possible side reactions involved, which are essential for improving the present materials and developing new materials for high performance and long cycle life batteries.

Suggested Citation

  • Wen Zhu & Yuesheng Wang & Dongqiang Liu & Vincent Gariépy & Catherine Gagnon & Ashok Vijh & Michel L. Trudeau & Karim Zaghib, 2018. "Application of Operando X-ray Diffractometry in Various Aspects of the Investigations of Lithium/Sodium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-41, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:11:p:2963-:d:179619
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Francesca De Giorgio & Mattia Gaboardi & Lara Gigli & Sergio Brutti & Catia Arbizzani, 2022. "Deciphering the Interplay between Binders and Electrolytes on the Performance of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Ruslan R. Samigullin & Maxim V. Zakharkin & Oleg A. Drozhzhin & Evgeny V. Antipov, 2023. "Thermal Stability of NASICON-Type Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and Na 4 VMn(PO 4 ) 3 as Cathode Materials for Sodium-ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-13, March.

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