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Prolongation of Battery Lifetime for Electric Buses through Flywheel Integration

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  • Philipp Glücker

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
    Institute for Mechatronic Systems, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany)

  • Klaus Kivekäs

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Jari Vepsäläinen

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Panagiotis Mouratidis

    (Institute for Mechatronic Systems, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany)

  • Maximilian Schneider

    (Institute for Mechatronic Systems, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany)

  • Stephan Rinderknecht

    (Institute for Mechatronic Systems, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany)

  • Kari Tammi

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

Abstract

Electrification of transportation is an effective way to tackle climate change. Public transportation, such as electric buses, operate on predetermined routes and offer quiet operation, zero local emissions and high energy efficiency. However, the batteries of these buses are expensive and wear out in use. The battery ageing is expedited by fast charging and power spikes during operation. The contribution of this paper is the reduction of the power spikes and thus a prolonged battery lifetime. A novel hybrid energy storage system for electric buses is proposed by introducing a flywheel in addition to the existing battery. A simulation model of the hybrid energy storage system is presented, including a battery ageing model to measure the battery lifetime. The bus was simulated during its daily driving operation on different routes with different energy management strategies and flywheel configurations. These different flywheels as well as the driving cycle had a significant impact on the battery life increase. The proposed hybrid battery/flywheel storage system resulted in a battery lifetime increase of 20% on average.

Suggested Citation

  • Philipp Glücker & Klaus Kivekäs & Jari Vepsäläinen & Panagiotis Mouratidis & Maximilian Schneider & Stephan Rinderknecht & Kari Tammi, 2021. "Prolongation of Battery Lifetime for Electric Buses through Flywheel Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:899-:d:496141
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Weiyu Zhang & Juexin Yu, 2023. "Modeling of Vehicle-Mounted Flywheel Battery Considering Automobile Suspension and Pulse Road Excitation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-20, May.
    2. Kai Xu & Youguang Guo & Gang Lei & Jianguo Zhu, 2023. "A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-32, September.

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