IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i9p3728-d1133850.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Production and Quality of Biodiesel under the Influence of a Rapeseed Fertilization System

Author

Listed:
  • Andra Lovasz

    (Doctoral School of Engineering Sciences, Agriculture, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania)

  • Nicu Cornel Sabau

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 26 Magheru Street, 410048 Oradea, Romania)

  • Ioana Borza

    (Department of Agriculture-Horticulture, Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 26 Magheru Street, 410048 Oradea, Romania)

  • Radu Brejea

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 26 Magheru Street, 410048 Oradea, Romania)

Abstract

Compared to fossil fuels, biodiesel is a clean fuel, does not pollute the environment, and can be produced from inexhaustible natural sources. The objectives of our research are to study how increasing doses of complex fertilizers, applied to rapeseed oil culture, affect the production of rapeseeds and oil; the comparative study between the quality parameters of refined rapeseed oil (RRO) and fatty acids (FA); and the analysis of the quality of the biodiesel obtained from them (BRO and BFA). The experimental field is set-up in a Latin rectangle format and is placed on a total area of 400 m 2 divided into 16 parcels, randomized for uniformity with four replications and four fertilizer graduations (N 0 P 0 K 0 —Control, N 160 P 160 K 160 , N 320 P 320 K 320 , N 480 P 480 K 480 ). To obtain biodiesel form oil (BRO) and fatty acids (BFA), the processes of esterification, transesterification, refining, washing, sedimentation, and drying were applied. A comparison between biodiesel quality parameters from RRO and FAs were made, and we highlighted the differences in quality compared to samples from the experimental field. The use of large amounts of complex fertilizers leads to high yields of rapeseed (13.3–47.0 q ha −1 ) and oil (629.8–2130.8 L ha −1 ), which are statistically significant only for high doses (N 320 P 320 K 320 and N 480 P 480 K 480 ). For most of the qualitative parameters studied, the differences in values between BFA and BRO have positive values, which means a higher quality for BRO. Both BRO and BFA generally fall within the quality parameters imposed by European standards (ES). Although the quality of BRO is superior to BFA, it is produced on a smaller scale due to the nutritional importance of refined rapeseed oil. This study is of particular importance in the optimization of rapeseed fertilization, with a view to the efficient conversion of crude oil, a feedstock for chemical fertilizers and an environmentally friendly fuel.

Suggested Citation

  • Andra Lovasz & Nicu Cornel Sabau & Ioana Borza & Radu Brejea, 2023. "Production and Quality of Biodiesel under the Influence of a Rapeseed Fertilization System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-27, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:9:p:3728-:d:1133850
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3728/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3728/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. José María Encinar & Ana Pardal & Nuria Sánchez & Sergio Nogales, 2018. "Biodiesel by Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil Using Ultrasound: A Kinetic Study of Base-Catalysed Reactions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-13, August.
    2. Ali Akbar Barati & Hossein Azadi & Milad Dehghani Pour & Philippe Lebailly & Mostafa Qafori, 2019. "Determining Key Agricultural Strategic Factors Using AHP-MICMAC," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-17, July.
    3. Piyanon Haputta & Thongchart Bowonthumrongchai & Nattapong Puttanapong & Shabbir H. Gheewala, 2022. "Effects of Biofuel Crop Expansion on Green Gross Domestic Product," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-20, March.
    4. Jae-Kon Kim & Cheol-Hwan Jeon & Hyung Won Lee & Young-Kwon Park & Kyong-il Min & In-ha Hwang & Young-Min Kim, 2018. "Effect of Accelerated High Temperature on Oxidation and Polymerization of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-11, December.
    5. Marta Ramos & Ana Paula Soares Dias & Jaime Filipe Puna & João Gomes & João Carlos Bordado, 2019. "Biodiesel Production Processes and Sustainable Raw Materials," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-30, November.
    6. Apip Amrullah & Obie Farobie & Asep Bayu & Novi Syaftika & Edy Hartulistiyoso & Navid R. Moheimani & Surachai Karnjanakom & Yukihiko Matsumura, 2022. "Slow Pyrolysis of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) for Sustainable Production of Bio-Oil and Biochar," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-14, March.
    7. Jianwen Zhang & Jacob Cherian & Ashak Mahmud Parvez & Sarminah Samad & Muhammad Safdar Sial & Mohammad Athar Ali & Mohammed Arshad Khan, 2022. "Consequences of Sustainable Agricultural Productivity, Renewable Energy, and Environmental Decay: Recent Evidence from ASEAN Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-13, March.
    8. Elim Kim & Ayuk Corlbert Ayuk & Deog-Keun Kim & Hak Joo Kim & Hyung Chul Ham, 2022. "Boosting the Transesterification Reaction by Adding a Single Na Atom into g-C 3 N 4 Catalyst for Biodiesel Production: A First-Principles Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-13, November.
    9. Giuseppe Bugin & Lucia Lenzi & Giulia Ranzani & Luigino Barisan & Claudio Porrini & Augusto Zanella & Cristian Bolzonella, 2022. "Agriculture and Pollinating Insects, No Longer a Choice but a Need: EU Agriculture’s Dependence on Pollinators in the 2007–2019 Period," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-17, March.
    10. Momtahina Hasnat & Mohammad Ashraful Alam & Mariam Khanam & Bushra Islam Binte & Mohammad Humayun Kabir & Mohammad Saiful Alam & Mohammed Zia Uddin Kamal & Golum Kibria Muhammad Mustafizur Rahman & Mo, 2022. "Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Biochar on Organic Matter Mineralization and Carbon Accretion in Soil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-12, March.
    11. Paweł Grabowski & Przemysław Jarosiński, 2021. "Examination of Selected Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel after Electron Beam Sterilization in Flow System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-12, March.
    12. Elena Khan & Kadir Ozaltin & Damiano Spagnuolo & Andres Bernal-Ballen & Maxim V. Piskunov & Antonio Di Martino, 2023. "Biodiesel from Rapeseed and Sunflower Oil: Effect of the Transesterification Conditions and Oxidation Stability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-13, January.
    13. Xianglong Tang & Chenyu Lu & Peng Meng & Wei Cheng, 2022. "Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Environmental Adaptability Efficiency of the Agricultural System in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-15, March.
    14. Swathi Somaiyan Babu & Rashmi Gondi & Godvin Sharmila Vincent & Godwin Christopher JohnSamuel & Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar, 2022. "Microalgae Biomass and Lipids as Feedstock for Biofuels: Sustainable Biotechnology Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-31, November.
    15. Eugene P. Law & Sandra Wayman & Christopher J. Pelzer & Steven W. Culman & Miguel I. Gómez & Antonio DiTommaso & Matthew R. Ryan, 2022. "Multi-Criteria Assessment of the Economic and Environmental Sustainability Characteristics of Intermediate Wheatgrass Grown as a Dual-Purpose Grain and Forage Crop," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-24, March.
    16. Kaito Sakamoto & Kotaro Kawajiri & Hiroaki Hatori & Kiyotaka Tahara, 2022. "Impact of the Manufacturing Processes of Aromatic-Polymer-Based Carbon Fiber on Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-15, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Leonidas Sotirios Kyrgiakos & Georgios Kleftodimos & George Vlontzos & Panos M. Pardalos, 2023. "A systematic literature review of data envelopment analysis implementation in agriculture under the prism of sustainability," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 1-38, March.
    2. Piotr Łagowski & Grzegorz Wcisło & Dariusz Kurczyński, 2022. "Comparison of the Combustion Process Parameters in a Diesel Engine Powered by Second-Generation Biodiesel Compared to the First-Generation Biodiesel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-21, September.
    3. Jodlbauer, Herbert & Tripathi, Shailesh & Brunner, Manuel & Bachmann, Nadine, 2022. "Stability of cross impact matrices," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    4. Ni, Zihao & Zhai, Yuling & Li, Fashe & Wang, Hua & Yang, Kai & Wang, Bican & Chen, Yu, 2020. "Reaction kinetics analysis of branched-chain alkyl esters of palmitic acid and cold flow properties," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 719-729.
    5. Maria Ameen & Mushtaq Ahmad & Muhammad Zafar & Mamoona Munir & Muhammad Mujtaba Mujtaba & Shazia Sultana & Rozina . & Samah Elsayed El-Khatib & Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar & M. A. Kalam, 2022. "Prospects of Catalysis for Process Sustainability of Eco-Green Biodiesel Synthesis via Transesterification: A State-Of-The-Art Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-38, June.
    6. Piotr Gradziuk & Krzysztof Jończyk & Barbara Gradziuk & Adrianna Wojciechowska & Anna Trocewicz & Marcin Wysokiński, 2021. "An Economic Assessment of the Impact on Agriculture of the Proposed Changes in EU Biofuel Policy Mechanisms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-21, October.
    7. Chi Zhang & Binyue Xu & Jasronita Jasni & Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi & Norhafiz Azis & Qi Zhang, 2023. "Three Voltage Vector Duty Cycle Optimization Strategy of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Driving System for New Energy Electric Vehicles Based on Finite Set Model Predictive Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-18, March.
    8. Mohammed Arshad Khan & Hamad A. Alhumoudi, 2022. "Performance of E-Banking and the Mediating Effect of Customer Satisfaction: A Structural Equation Model Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-12, June.
    9. Luo Muchen & Rosita Hamdan & Rossazana Ab-Rahim, 2022. "Data-Driven Evaluation and Optimization of Agricultural Environmental Efficiency with Carbon Emission Constraints," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-22, September.
    10. Hui Wen & Yi Li & Zirong Li & Xiaoxue Cai & Fengxia Wang, 2022. "Spatial Differentiation of Carbon Budgets and Carbon Balance Zoning in China Based on the Land Use Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-20, October.
    11. Arridina Susan Silitonga & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia & Abd Halim Shamsuddin & Hwai Chyuan Ong & Jassinnee Milano & Fitranto Kusumo & Abdi Hanra Sebayang & Surya Dharma & Husin Ibrahim & Hazlina Husin , 2019. "Optimization of Cerbera manghas Biodiesel Production Using Artificial Neural Networks Integrated with Ant Colony Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-21, October.
    12. Hongshen Li & Hongrui Liu & Yufang Li & Jilin Nan & Chen Shi & Shizhong Li, 2021. "Combined Vapor Permeation and Continuous Solid-State Distillation for Energy-Efficient Bioethanol Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-15, April.
    13. M. A. Hazrat & M. G. Rasul & M. M. K. Khan & N. Ashwath & I. M. R. Fattah & Hwai Chyuan Ong & T. M. I. Mahlia, 2023. "Biodiesel production from transesterification of Australian Brassica napus L. oil: optimisation and reaction kinetic model development," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(11), pages 12247-12272, November.
    14. Shashi Kant Bhatia, 2023. "Biorefinery for the Sustainable Biochemicals Production: Process Design and Technological Advances," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-3, May.
    15. Abukhadra, Mostafa R. & Salam, Mohamed Abdel & Ibrahim, Sherouk M., 2019. "Insight into the catalytic conversion of palm oil into biodiesel using Na+/K+ trapped muscovite/phillipsite composite as a novel catalyst: Effect of ultrasonic irradiation and mechanism," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    16. Ra’ed Nahar Myyas & Marcos Tostado-Véliz & Manuel Gómez-González & Francisco Jurado, 2023. "Review of Bioenergy Potential in Jordan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-22, January.
    17. Khozeymeh Nezhad, Marziyeh & Aghaei, Hamidreza, 2021. "Tosylated cloisite as a new heterofunctional carrier for covalent immobilization of lipase and its utilization for production of biodiesel from waste frying oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 876-888.
    18. Gómez-Trejo-López, Emmanuelle & González-Díaz, María Ortencia & Aguilar-Vega, Manuel, 2022. "Waste cooking oil transesterification by sulfonated polyphenylsulfone catalytic membrane: Characterization and biodiesel production yield," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 1219-1227.
    19. Ibrahim M. Hezam & Naga Rama Devi Vedala & Bathina Rajesh Kumar & Arunodaya Raj Mishra & Fausto Cavallaro, 2023. "Assessment of Biofuel Industry Sustainability Factors Based on the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Symmetry Point of Criterion and Rank-Sum-Based MAIRCA Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-24, April.
    20. Kyrgiakos, Leonidas Sotirios & Kleftodimos, Georgios & Kremantzis, Marios Dominikos & Vlontzos, George & Pardalos, Panos M., 2023. "Assessing efficiency differences in a common Agriculture Decision Support System - A comparative analysis between Greek and Italian durum wheat farms," International Journal on Food System Dynamics, International Center for Management, Communication, and Research, vol. 14(01), January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:9:p:3728-:d:1133850. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.