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Enhanced ultrasonic assisted biodiesel production from meat industry waste (pig tallow) using green copper oxide nanocatalyst: Comparison of response surface and neural network modelling

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  • Suresh, T.
  • Sivarajasekar, N.
  • Balasubramani, K.

Abstract

In order to reduce the fossil fuel usage, to meet huge energy demand and lessen air pollution, a green, clean and sustainable biofuel is the only alternative. Biodiesel production becomes cheaper when we use a cheap precursor, eco-friendly catalyst and a proper process. Pig tallow from the meat industry containing high fatty acid can be utilized as an effective precursor for biodiesel preparation. This study produced biodiesel from pig tallow oil via ultrasonic assisted and CuO catalysed two-step esterification process. Cinnamomum tamala (C. tamala) extract was utilized for CuO nanoparticles preparation and characterized using infra-red spectra, x-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Biodiesel production was modelled using Box-Behnken design (BBD) and artificial neural network (ANN), in the variables range of ultrasonication (US) time (20–40 min), CuO nanocatalyst load (1–3 wt%), and the methanol to pre-treated PTO molar ratio (10:1–30:1). Statistical analysis proved that the ANN modelling was better than BBD. Optimal yield of 97.82% obtained using Genetic Algorithm (GA) at US time: 35.36 min, CuO catalyst load: 2.07 wt%, and the molar ratio: 29.87:1. Comparison with previous studies proved that ultrasonication significantly reduced the CuO nanocatalyst load, and increased the molar ratio and improved the process.

Suggested Citation

  • Suresh, T. & Sivarajasekar, N. & Balasubramani, K., 2021. "Enhanced ultrasonic assisted biodiesel production from meat industry waste (pig tallow) using green copper oxide nanocatalyst: Comparison of response surface and neural network modelling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 897-907.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:164:y:2021:i:c:p:897-907
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.09.112
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jack P. C. Kleijnen, 2015. "Response Surface Methodology," International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, in: Michael C Fu (ed.), Handbook of Simulation Optimization, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 81-104, Springer.
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    2. Maleki, Basir & Ashraf Talesh, S. Siamak, 2022. "Optimization of ZnO incorporation to αFe2O3 nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst for biodiesel production in a sonoreactor: Application on the CI engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 43-59.
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    5. Sun, Dayu & Gao, Lijing & Wei, Ruiping & Pan, Xiaomei & Xiao, Guomin, 2023. "Mechanical vapor recompression coupling organic rankine cycle process for purification of crude biodiesel obtained by solid base-catalyzed transesterification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
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    7. Aghel, Babak & Gouran, Ashkan & Parandi, Ehsan & Jumeh, Binta Hadi & Nodeh, Hamid Rashidi, 2022. "Production of biodiesel from high acidity waste cooking oil using nano GO@MgO catalyst in a microreactor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 294-302.
    8. Maleki, Basir & Ashraf Talesh, S. Siamak, 2024. "Sustainable biodiesel production from wild oak (Quercus brantii Lindl) oil as a novel and potential feedstock via highly efficient Co@CuO nanocatalyst: RSM optimization and CI engine assessment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    9. Ming-Chien Hsiao & Wei-Ting Lin & Wei-Cheng Chiu & Shuhn-Shyurng Hou, 2021. "Two-Stage Biodiesel Synthesis from Used Cooking Oil with a High Acid Value via an Ultrasound-Assisted Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-14, June.
    10. Abdelmigeed, Mai O. & Al-Sakkari, Eslam G. & Hefney, Mahmoud S. & Ismail, Fatma M. & Ahmed, Tamer S. & Ismail, Ibrahim M., 2021. "Biodiesel production catalyzed by NaOH/Magnetized ZIF-8: Yield improvement using methanolysis and catalyst reusability enhancement," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 253-261.

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