IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i17p6400-d904289.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Case Study of Single-Controllable Microgrid: A Practical Implementation

Author

Listed:
  • Geovane L. Reis

    (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
    Institute of Technological Sciences (ICT), Campus of Itabira, Federal University of Itajubá (UNIFEI), Itabira 35903-087, Brazil)

  • Danilo I. Brandao

    (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil)

  • João H. Oliveira

    (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil)

  • Lucas S. Araujo

    (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil)

  • Braz J. Cardoso Filho

    (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil)

Abstract

This paper presents the implementation of a single-controllable microgrid in the engineering school of the Federal University of Minas Gerais using commercial devices. Such a microgrid exchanges controllable active and reactive power terms with the upstream grid, proportionally shares active/reactive power among the battery-based DERs and endows the microgrid with the capability of operating in both grid-connected and islanded modes. The energy storage system is composed of three different battery technologies: lead-acid, lithium-ion and sodium–nickel, which are coordinately controlled according to their inherent features. A usable average energy control is proposed to avoid mismatches between the batteries’ states of charge. The single-controllable microgrid performs the following services: self-consumption, energy time shift, peak-shaving and reactive power support to the upstream grid. The coordinated secondary control and the operating modes of the microgrid were validated by means of full-scale experimental results using commercial devices. The lithium-ion battery showed the best performance in terms of round-trip efficiency, 93% over 85% (lead-acid) and 81% (sodium–nickel). The results demonstrated the microgrid’s capability of delivering ancillary services at the connection with the upstream grid, and proportionally exploiting the dispersed battery banks. In addition, the challenges of practical implementation were analyzed.

Suggested Citation

  • Geovane L. Reis & Danilo I. Brandao & João H. Oliveira & Lucas S. Araujo & Braz J. Cardoso Filho, 2022. "Case Study of Single-Controllable Microgrid: A Practical Implementation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-22, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:17:p:6400-:d:904289
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/17/6400/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/17/6400/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hiroshi Kikusato & Taha Selim Ustun & Masaichi Suzuki & Shuichi Sugahara & Jun Hashimoto & Kenji Otani & Kenji Shirakawa & Rina Yabuki & Ken Watanabe & Tatsuaki Shimizu, 2020. "Microgrid Controller Testing Using Power Hardware-in-the-Loop," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Miguel Carpintero-Rentería & David Santos-Martín & Josep M. Guerrero, 2019. "Microgrids Literature Review through a Layers Structure," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-22, November.
    3. Geovane dos Reis & Eduardo Liberado & Fernando Marafão & Clodualdo Sousa & Waner Silva & Danilo Brandao, 2021. "Model-Free Power Control for Low-Voltage AC Dispatchable Microgrids with Multiple Points of Connection," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-20, October.
    4. Samar Fatima & Verner Püvi & Matti Lehtonen, 2020. "Review on the PV Hosting Capacity in Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-34, September.
    5. Nelson, James R. & Johnson, Nathan G., 2020. "Model predictive control of microgrids for real-time ancillary service market participation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    6. Oussama Laayati & Hicham El Hadraoui & Nasr Guennoui & Mostafa Bouzi & Ahmed Chebak, 2022. "Smart Energy Management System: Design of a Smart Grid Test Bench for Educational Purposes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-31, April.
    7. Nicolas T. D. Fernandes & Anderson Rocha & Danilo Brandao & Braz C. Filho, 2021. "Comparison of Advanced Charge Strategies for Modular Cascaded Battery Chargers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-28, June.
    8. Ismael, Sherif M. & Abdel Aleem, Shady H.E. & Abdelaziz, Almoataz Y. & Zobaa, Ahmed F., 2019. "State-of-the-art of hosting capacity in modern power systems with distributed generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 1002-1020.
    9. Hossein Abedini & Tommaso Caldognetto & Paolo Mattavelli & Paolo Tenti, 2020. "Real-Time Validation of Power Flow Control Method for Enhanced Operation of Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-19, November.
    10. Kermani, Mostafa & Adelmanesh, Behin & Shirdare, Erfan & Sima, Catalina Alexandra & Carnì, Domenico Luca & Martirano, Luigi, 2021. "Intelligent energy management based on SCADA system in a real Microgrid for smart building applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 1115-1127.
    11. Juan Roberto López Gutiérrez & Pedro Ponce & Arturo Molina, 2021. "Real-Time Power Electronics Laboratory to Strengthen Distance Learning Engineering Education on Smart Grids and Microgrids," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-16, September.
    12. Sandipan Patra & Sreedhar Madichetty & Malabika Basu, 2021. "Development of a Smart Energy Community by Coupling Neighbouring Community Microgrids for Enhanced Power Sharing Using Customised Droop Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-17, August.
    13. Zaid Hamid Abdulabbas Al-Tameemi & Tek Tjing Lie & Gilbert Foo & Frede Blaabjerg, 2021. "Control Strategies of DC Microgrids Cluster: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-34, November.
    14. Abdellatif Elmouatamid & Radouane Ouladsine & Mohamed Bakhouya & Najib El Kamoun & Mohammed Khaidar & Khalid Zine-Dine, 2020. "Review of Control and Energy Management Approaches in Micro-Grid Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-30, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ronaldo Silveira Junior, Jose & Conrado, Bruna R.P. & Matheus dos Santos Alonso, Augusto & Iglesias Brandao, Danilo, 2023. "Interoperability of single-controllable clusters: Aggregate response of low-voltage microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    2. Luisa Fernanda Escobar-Orozco & Eduardo Gómez-Luna & Eduardo Marlés-Sáenz, 2023. "Identification and Analysis of Technical Impacts in the Electric Power System Due to the Integration of Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-29, September.
    3. Angelos Patsidis & Adam Dyśko & Campbell Booth & Anastasios Oulis Rousis & Polyxeni Kalliga & Dimitrios Tzelepis, 2023. "Digital Architecture for Monitoring and Operational Analytics of Multi-Vector Microgrids Utilizing Cloud Computing, Advanced Virtualization Techniques, and Data Analytics Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-19, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Augusto M. S. Alonso & Luis De Oro Arenas & Danilo I. Brandao & Elisabetta Tedeschi & Ricardo Q. Machado & Fernando P. Marafão, 2022. "Current-Based Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources in a Grid-Connected Low-Voltage Microgrid: An Experimental Validation of Adverse Operational Scenarios," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-26, September.
    2. Ramitha Dissanayake & Akila Wijethunge & Janaka Wijayakulasooriya & Janaka Ekanayake, 2022. "Optimizing PV-Hosting Capacity with the Integrated Employment of Dynamic Line Rating and Voltage Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-19, November.
    3. Chathurangi, D. & Jayatunga, U. & Perera, S., 2022. "Recent investigations on the evaluation of solar PV hosting capacity in LV distribution networks constrained by voltage rise," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 11-20.
    4. Hwang, Hyunkyeong & Yoon, Ahyun & Yoon, Yongtae & Moon, Seungil, 2023. "Demand response of HVAC systems for hosting capacity improvement in distribution networks: A comprehensive review and case study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    5. Romain Mannini & Julien Eynard & Stéphane Grieu, 2022. "A Survey of Recent Advances in the Smart Management of Microgrids and Networked Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-37, September.
    6. Vincent Umoh & Innocent Davidson & Abayomi Adebiyi & Unwana Ekpe, 2023. "Methods and Tools for PV and EV Hosting Capacity Determination in Low Voltage Distribution Networks—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-25, April.
    7. Rajabi, A. & Elphick, S. & David, J. & Pors, A. & Robinson, D., 2022. "Innovative approaches for assessing and enhancing the hosting capacity of PV-rich distribution networks: An Australian perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    8. Ronaldo Silveira Junior, Jose & Conrado, Bruna R.P. & Matheus dos Santos Alonso, Augusto & Iglesias Brandao, Danilo, 2023. "Interoperability of single-controllable clusters: Aggregate response of low-voltage microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    9. Shaila Arif & Ata E Rabbi & Shams Uddin Ahmed & Molla Shahadat Hossain Lipu & Taskin Jamal & Tareq Aziz & Mahidur R. Sarker & Amna Riaz & Talal Alharbi & Muhammad Majid Hussain, 2022. "Enhancement of Solar PV Hosting Capacity in a Remote Industrial Microgrid: A Methodical Techno-Economic Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-23, July.
    10. Karmaker, Ashish Kumar & Prakash, Krishneel & Siddique, Md Nazrul Islam & Hossain, Md Alamgir & Pota, Hemanshu, 2024. "Electric vehicle hosting capacity analysis: Challenges and solutions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    11. Ibrahim Mohamed Diaaeldin & Shady H. E. Abdel Aleem & Ahmed El-Rafei & Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz & Ahmed F. Zobaa, 2020. "Enhancement of Hosting Capacity with Soft Open Points and Distribution System Reconfiguration: Multi-Objective Bilevel Stochastic Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-20, October.
    12. Hubert Kryszk & Krystyna Kurowska & Renata Marks-Bielska & Stanisław Bielski & Bartłomiej Eźlakowski, 2023. "Barriers and Prospects for the Development of Renewable Energy Sources in Poland during the Energy Crisis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-17, February.
    13. Xinghua Wang & Fucheng Zhong & Yilin Xu & Xixian Liu & Zezhong Li & Jianan Liu & Zhuoli Zhao, 2023. "Extraction and Joint Method of PV–Load Typical Scenes Considering Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-19, September.
    14. Antoine Boche & Clément Foucher & Luiz Fernando Lavado Villa, 2022. "Understanding Microgrid Sustainability: A Systemic and Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-29, April.
    15. Rodriguez, Mauricio & Arcos-Aviles, Diego & Guinjoan, Francesc, 2024. "Simple fuzzy logic-based energy management for power exchange in isolated multi-microgrid systems: A case study in a remote community in the Amazon region of Ecuador," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 357(C).
    16. Enrico Dalla Maria & Mattia Secchi & David Macii, 2021. "A Flexible Top-Down Data-Driven Stochastic Model for Synthetic Load Profiles Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-20, December.
    17. Sima, Catalina Alexandra & Popescu, Claudia Laurenta & Popescu, Mihai Octavian & Roscia, Mariacristina & Seritan, George & Panait, Cornel, 2022. "Techno-economic assessment of university energy communities with on/off microgrid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 538-553.
    18. Xuhong Yang & Hui Li & Wei Jia & Zhongxin Liu & Yu Pan & Fengwei Qian, 2022. "Adaptive Virtual Synchronous Generator Based on Model Predictive Control with Improved Frequency Stability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-13, November.
    19. Md Tariqul Islam & M. Jahangir Hossain & Md. Ahasan Habib & Muhammad Ahsan Zamee, 2025. "Adaptive Hosting Capacity Forecasting in Distribution Networks with Distributed Energy Resources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-25, January.
    20. Hicham El Hadraoui & Mourad Zegrari & Fatima-Ezzahra Hammouch & Nasr Guennouni & Oussama Laayati & Ahmed Chebak, 2022. "Design of a Customizable Test Bench of an Electric Vehicle Powertrain for Learning Purposes Using Model-Based System Engineering," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-22, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:17:p:6400-:d:904289. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.