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Steel Converter Slag as an Oxygen Carrier—Interaction with Sulfur Dioxide

Author

Listed:
  • Fredrik Hildor

    (Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 93 Göteborg, Sweden)

  • Henrik Leion

    (Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 93 Göteborg, Sweden)

  • Tobias Mattisson

    (Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 93 Göteborg, Sweden)

Abstract

Steel converter slag, also called Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag, has been considered as an oxygen carrier for biofuel chemical looping applications due to its high availability. In addition to its content of iron which contributes to its oxygen-carrying capacity, LD slag also contains a significant amount of calcium. Calcium, however, is known to interact with sulfur, which may affect the usability of LD slag. To get a better understanding of the interaction between sulfur and LD slag, batch scale experiments have been performed using solid and gaseous fuel with or without sulfur dioxide, together with LD slag as an oxygen carrier. The reactivity and sulfur interaction were compared to the benchmark oxygen carrier ilmenite. Sulfur increases the gasification rate of biofuel char and the conversion of CO for both LD slag and ilmenite. However, no effect of sulfur could be seen on the conversion of the model tar species benzene. The increased gasification rate of char was suspected to originate from both surface-active sulfur and gaseous sulfur, increasing the reactivity and oxygen transfer of the oxygen carrier. Sulfur was partly absorbed into the LD slag particles with calcium, forming CaS and/or CaSO 4 . This, in turn, blocks the catalytic effect of CaO towards the water gas shift reaction. When the SO 2 vapor pressure was decreased, the absorbed sulfur was released as SO 2 . This indicates that sulfur may be released in loop-seals or in the air reactor in a continuous process.

Suggested Citation

  • Fredrik Hildor & Henrik Leion & Tobias Mattisson, 2022. "Steel Converter Slag as an Oxygen Carrier—Interaction with Sulfur Dioxide," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-29, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:16:p:5922-:d:888913
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Henrik Leion & Volkmar Frick & Fredrik Hildor, 2018. "Experimental Method and Setup for Laboratory Fluidized Bed Reactor Testing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-17, September.
    2. Riley, Jarrett & Siriwardane, Ranjani & Tian, Hanjing & Benincosa, William & Poston, James, 2017. "Kinetic analysis of the interactions between calcium ferrite and coal char for chemical looping gasification applications: Identifying reduction routes and modes of oxygen transfer," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 94-110.
    3. Siriwardane, Ranjani V. & Ksepko, Ewelina & Tian, Hanjing & Poston, James & Simonyi, Thomas & Sciazko, Marek, 2013. "Interaction of iron–copper mixed metal oxide oxygen carriers with simulated synthesis gas derived from steam gasification of coal," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 111-123.
    4. Ping Wang & Nicholas Means & Dushyant Shekhawat & David Berry & Mehrdad Massoudi, 2015. "Chemical-Looping Combustion and Gasification of Coals and Oxygen Carrier Development: A Brief Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-31, September.
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    2. Coskun Yildiz & Marcel Richter & Jochen Ströhle & Bernd Epple, 2023. "Release of Sulfur and Chlorine Gas Species during Combustion and Pyrolysis of Walnut Shells in an Entrained Flow Reactor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-18, July.
    3. Mohsen Fallah Vostakola & Hasan Ozcan & Rami S. El-Emam & Bahman Amini Horri, 2023. "Recent Advances in High-Temperature Steam Electrolysis with Solid Oxide Electrolysers for Green Hydrogen Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-50, April.

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