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Experimental Analysis of Residential Photovoltaic (PV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Systems in Terms of Annual Energy Utilization

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  • Wojciech Cieslik

    (Department of Combustion Engines and Powertrains, Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, sq. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 5, 60–965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Filip Szwajca

    (Department of Combustion Engines and Powertrains, Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, sq. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 5, 60–965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Wojciech Golimowski

    (Department of Agroengineering and Quality Analysis, Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 180/120 Street, 53–345 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Andrew Berger

    (Department of Physics and Engineering, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA 18510, USA)

Abstract

Electrification of powertrain systems offers numerous advantages in the global trend in vehicular applications. A wide range of energy sources and zero-emission propulsion in the tank to wheel significantly add to electric vehicles’ (EV) attractiveness. This paper presents analyses of the energy balance between micro-photovoltaic (PV) installation and small electric vehicle in real conditions. It is based on monitoring PV panel’s energy production and car electricity consumption. The methodology included energy data from real household PV installation (the most common renewable energy source in Poland), electric vehicle energy consumption during real driving conditions, and drivetrain operating parameters, all collected over a period of one year by indirect measuring. A correlation between energy produced by the micro-PV installation and small electric car energy consumption was described. In the Winter, small electric car energy consumption amounted to 14.9 kWh per 100 km and was 14% greater than summer, based on test requirements of real driving conditions. The 4.48 kW PV installation located in Poznań produced 4101 kWh energy in 258 days. The calculation indicated 1406 kWh energy was available for EV charging after household electricity consumption subtraction. The zero-emission daily distance analysis was done by the simplified method.

Suggested Citation

  • Wojciech Cieslik & Filip Szwajca & Wojciech Golimowski & Andrew Berger, 2021. "Experimental Analysis of Residential Photovoltaic (PV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Systems in Terms of Annual Energy Utilization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:1085-:d:501939
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Kinga Skobiej & Jacek Pielecha, 2021. "Plug-in Hybrid Ecological Category in Real Driving Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-25, April.
    4. Ana Carolina Kulik & Édwin Augusto Tonolo & Alberto Kisner Scortegagna & Jardel Eugênio da Silva & Jair Urbanetz Junior, 2021. "Analysis of Scenarios for the Insertion of Electric Vehicles in Conjunction with a Solar Carport in the City of Curitiba, Paraná—Brazil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-15, August.
    5. Kenji Araki & Yasuyuki Ota & Anju Maeda & Minoru Kumano & Kensuke Nishioka, 2023. "Solar Electric Vehicles as Energy Sources in Disaster Zones: Physical and Social Factors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-25, April.
    6. Sebastian Grzesiak & Adam Sulich, 2022. "Car Engines Comparative Analysis: Sustainable Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-15, July.
    7. Amaro García-Suárez & José-Luis Guisado-Lizar & Fernando Diaz-del-Rio & Francisco Jiménez-Morales, 2021. "A Cellular Automata Agent-Based Hybrid Simulation Tool to Analyze the Deployment of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-14, May.
    8. Andrzej Kubik, 2022. "The Energy Consumption of Electric Scooters Used in the Polish Shared Mobility Market," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-15, November.
    9. Jamila Hemdani & Laid Degaa & Moez Soltani & Nassim Rizoug & Achraf Jabeur Telmoudi & Abdelkader Chaari, 2022. "Battery Lifetime Prediction via Neural Networks with Discharge Capacity and State of Health," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-17, November.
    10. Filipe Quintal & Daniel Garigali & Dino Vasconcelos & Jonathan Cavaleiro & Wilson Santos & Lucas Pereira, 2021. "Energy Monitoring in the Wild: Platform Development and Lessons Learned from a Real-World Demonstrator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-15, September.
    11. Andrzej Szałek & Ireneusz Pielecha & Wojciech Cieslik, 2021. "Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) Energy Flow Analysis in Real Driving Conditions (RDC)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-17, August.
    12. Bryam Paúl Lojano-Riera & Carlos Flores-Vázquez & Juan-Carlos Cobos-Torres & David Vallejo-Ramírez & Daniel Icaza, 2023. "Electromobility with Photovoltaic Generation in an Andean City," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-16, July.

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