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Fluid-structure interactions in Francis turbines: A perspective review

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  • Trivedi, Chirag
  • Cervantes, Michel J.

Abstract

Competitive electricity prices and reduced profit margins have forced hydraulic turbines to operate under critical conditions. The demand for extended operating ranges and the high efficiency of the turbine runners have forced manufacturers to produce lightweight runners. A turbine runner sometimes experiences resonance when a forced (flow-induced) excitation frequency approaches the runner’s natural frequency, resulting in failure. The cost of structural failure after commissioning is prohibitive. To attain a reliable and safe runner design, understanding of the structural response to flow-induced excitations is important. High amplitude pressure pulsations cause fatigue loading of the blades, which develop cracks over time. The amplitudes are dependent on the flow conditions, type of turbine and stator/rotor vane combinations. The structural response is dependent on the material properties, flow-induced damping and natural frequencies. Moreover, in a hydraulic turbine, changes in flow velocity from less than 1ms−1 to over 40ms−1 create challenges in predicting the response.

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  • Trivedi, Chirag & Cervantes, Michel J., 2017. "Fluid-structure interactions in Francis turbines: A perspective review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 87-101.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:68:y:2017:i:p1:p:87-101
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.121
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chirag Trivedi & Michel J. Cervantes & Ole G. Dahlhaug, 2016. "Experimental and Numerical Studies of a High-Head Francis Turbine: A Review of the Francis-99 Test Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-24, January.
    2. Trivedi, Chirag & Gandhi, Bhupendra K. & Cervantes, Michel J. & Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar, 2015. "Experimental investigations of a model Francis turbine during shutdown at synchronous speed," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 828-836.
    3. Jonsson, P.P. & Mulu, B.G. & Cervantes, M.J., 2012. "Experimental investigation of a Kaplan draft tube – Part II: Off-design conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 71-83.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xing Zhou & Changzheng Shi & Kazuyoshi Miyagawa & Hegao Wu & Jinhong Yu & Zhu Ma, 2020. "Investigation of Pressure Fluctuation and Pulsating Hydraulic Axial Thrust in Francis Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-16, April.
    2. Laouari, Ahmed & Ghenaiet, Adel, 2021. "Investigation of steady and unsteady cavitating flows through a small Francis turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 841-861.
    3. Xiaodong Ruan & Xu Zhang & Pengfei Wang & Jiaming Wang & Zhongbin Xu, 2020. "Numerical Investigation of the Turbulent Wake-Boundary Interaction in a Translational Cascade of Airfoils and Flat Plate," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-20, August.
    4. Zhu, Di & Tao, Ran & Xiao, Ruofu & Pan, Litan, 2020. "Solving the runner blade crack problem for a Francis hydro-turbine operating under condition-complexity," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 298-320.
    5. Xiangyang Li & Jingwei Cao & Jianling Zhuang & Tongmao Wu & Hongyong Zheng & Yunfeng Wang & Wenqiang Zheng & Guoqing Lin & Zhengwei Wang, 2022. "Effect of Operating Head on Dynamic Behavior of a Pump–Turbine Runner in Turbine Mode," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-15, May.
    6. Baidar, Binaya & Nicolle, Jonathan & Gandhi, Bhupendra K. & Cervantes, Michel J., 2020. "Effects of runner change on the Winter-Kennedy flow measurement method – A numerical study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 975-984.
    7. David Valentín & Alexandre Presas & Eduard Egusquiza & Carme Valero & Mònica Egusquiza & Matias Bossio, 2017. "Power Swing Generated in Francis Turbines by Part Load and Overload Instabilities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-17, December.
    8. Presas, Alexandre & Luo, Yongyao & Wang, Zhengwei & Guo, Bao, 2019. "Fatigue life estimation of Francis turbines based on experimental strain measurements: Review of the actual data and future trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 96-110.
    9. Lucie Zemanová & Pavel Rudolf, 2020. "Flow Inside the Sidewall Gaps of Hydraulic Machines: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-37, December.
    10. Sun, Longgang & Xu, Hongyang & Li, Chenxi & Guo, Pengcheng & Xu, Zhuofei, 2024. "Unsteady assessment and alleviation of inter-blade vortex in Francis turbine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 358(C).
    11. Zhou, Xing & Wu, Hegao & Cheng, Li & Huang, Quanshui & Shi, Changzheng, 2023. "A new draft tube shape optimisation methodology of introducing inclined conical diffuser in hydraulic turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    12. Linghua Kong & Jingwei Cao & Xiangyang Li & Xulei Zhou & Haihong Hu & Tao Wang & Shuxin Gui & Wenfa Lai & Zhongfeng Zhu & Zhengwei Wang & Yan Liu, 2022. "Numerical Analysis on the Hydraulic Thrust and Dynamic Response Characteristics of a Turbine Pump," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, February.
    13. Chirag Trivedi & Igor Iliev & Ole Gunnar Dahlhaug, 2020. "Numerical Study of a Francis Turbine over Wide Operating Range: Some Practical Aspects of Verification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-10, May.
    14. Yongsheng Liu & Chengming Liu & Yongsheng Zhang & Xingxing Huang & Tao Guo & Lingjiu Zhou & Zhengwei Wang, 2023. "Influence of Axial Installation Deviation on the Hydraulic Axial Force of the 1000 MW Francis Runner in the Rated Operating Condition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-20, February.
    15. Krzemianowski, Zbigniew & Steller, Janusz, 2021. "High specific speed Francis turbine for small hydro purposes - Design methodology based on solving the inverse problem in fluid mechanics and the cavitation test experience," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1210-1228.
    16. Xuanlin Peng & Jianzhong Zhou & Chu Zhang & Ruhai Li & Yanhe Xu & Diyi Chen, 2017. "An Intelligent Optimization Method for Vortex-Induced Vibration Reducing and Performance Improving in a Large Francis Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-17, November.
    17. Dollon, Q. & Antoni, J. & Tahan, A. & Gagnon, M. & Monette, C., 2021. "Operational Modal Analysis of hydroelectric turbines using an order based likelihood approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(P1), pages 799-811.

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