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Experimental investigation of flows inside draft tube of a high-head pump-turbine

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  • Lai, Xi-De
  • Liang, Quan-Wei
  • Ye, Dao-Xing
  • Chen, Xiao-Ming
  • Xia, Mi-Mi

Abstract

Due to fast and frequently switch between pumping and generating modes several times daily and continuously increase to operate at off-design conditions, understanding the detail of flows is a prerequisite to the design and safety operation of a pump-turbine. Because complex flow phenomena occur inside the draft tube at different operating conditions, its flow patterns are highly demanding to be accurately investigated with reliable approach. Laser Doppler Velocimetry measurements and vortex ropes visualization inside the draft tube of a high-head pump-turbine with the specific speed nq = 24 have been performed at various operating conditions both in turbine and pump modes. Measurements and observations were taken for the speed factor nED = 0.21 and 0.19 at loads ranging from 40% to 120% of the rated power at turbine mode, and the possible operating range at pump mode. The distribution of measured axial and tangential velocities, the size of backflow zones and the rotation of vortex rope are all in line with the hydraulic design and model test results. The LDV measurement has been applied to accurately analyze the swirl flow pattern and quantify swirling intensity, the region of backflow and vortex rope, as well as to precisely determine the location of the rope-free zone combining with vortex ropes visualization. Measured instantaneous tangential velocities have been applied to accurately distinguish the processional frequency of a rotating vortex rope inside the draft tube from other fluctuations at part loads. Influence of the splitter blades can be also observed in both time and frequency domain of measured instantaneous velocities. This study can provide rather valuable information for analysis and validation in different operating regimes. The presented methodology and techniques have been demonstrated very helpful to successfully developed high-head pump-turbines for two pumped storage power plants in China.

Suggested Citation

  • Lai, Xi-De & Liang, Quan-Wei & Ye, Dao-Xing & Chen, Xiao-Ming & Xia, Mi-Mi, 2019. "Experimental investigation of flows inside draft tube of a high-head pump-turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 731-742.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:133:y:2019:i:c:p:731-742
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.10.058
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mulu, B.G. & Jonsson, P.P. & Cervantes, M.J., 2012. "Experimental investigation of a Kaplan draft tube – Part I: Best efficiency point," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 695-706.
    2. Jonsson, P.P. & Mulu, B.G. & Cervantes, M.J., 2012. "Experimental investigation of a Kaplan draft tube – Part II: Off-design conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 71-83.
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    3. Li, Puxi & Xiao, Ruofu & Tao, Ran, 2022. "Study of vortex rope based on flow energy dissipation and vortex identification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 1065-1081.
    4. Su, Wen-Tao & Li, Xiao-Bin & Xia, Yu-Xing & Liu, Quan-Zhong & Binama, Maxime & Zhang, Ya-Ning, 2021. "Pressure fluctuation characteristics of a model pump-turbine during runaway transient," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 517-529.
    5. Baidar, Binaya & Nicolle, Jonathan & Gandhi, Bhupendra K. & Cervantes, Michel J., 2020. "Effects of runner change on the Winter-Kennedy flow measurement method – A numerical study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 975-984.
    6. Binama, Maxime & Kan, Kan & Chen, Hui-Xiang & Zheng, Yuan & Zhou, Daqing & Su, Wen-Tao & Muhirwa, Alexis & Ntayomba, James, 2021. "Flow instability transferability characteristics within a reversible pump turbine (RPT) under large guide vane opening (GVO)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 285-307.
    7. Lai, Xide & Chen, Xiaoming & Liang, Quanwei & Ye, Daoxing & Gou, Qiuqin & Wang, Rongtao & Yan, Yi, 2023. "Experimental and numerical investigation of vortex flows and pressure fluctuations in a high-head pump-turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 236-247.
    8. Lu, Zhaoheng & Tao, Ran & Yao, Zhifeng & Liu, Weichao & Xiao, Ruofu, 2022. "Effects of guide vane shape on the performances of pump-turbine: A comparative study in energy storage and power generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 268-287.
    9. Zhang, Xiaoxi & Cheng, Yongguang & Yang, Zhiyan & Chen, Qiuhua & Liu, Demin, 2021. "Water column separation in pump-turbine after load rejection: 1D-3D coupled simulation of a model pumped-storage system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 685-697.
    10. Muhirwa, Alexis & Cai, Wei-Hua & Su, Wen-Tao & Liu, Quanzhong & Binama, Maxime & Li, Biao & Wu, Jian, 2020. "A review on remedial attempts to counteract the power generation compromise from draft tubes of hydropower plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 743-764.
    11. Su, Wen-Tao & Binama, Maxime & Li, Yang & Zhao, Yue, 2020. "Study on the method of reducing the pressure fluctuation of hydraulic turbine by optimizing the draft tube pressure distribution," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 550-560.
    12. Kim, Seung-Jun & Suh, Jun-Won & Yang, Hyeon-Mo & Park, Jungwan & Kim, Jin-Hyuk, 2022. "Internal flow phenomena of a Pump–Turbine model in turbine mode with different Thoma numbers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 510-525.

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