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Power Swing Generated in Francis Turbines by Part Load and Overload Instabilities

Author

Listed:
  • David Valentín

    (Center for Industrial Diagnostics and Fluid Dynamics (CDIF), Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Diagonal, 647, ETSEIB, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Alexandre Presas

    (Center for Industrial Diagnostics and Fluid Dynamics (CDIF), Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Diagonal, 647, ETSEIB, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Eduard Egusquiza

    (Center for Industrial Diagnostics and Fluid Dynamics (CDIF), Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Diagonal, 647, ETSEIB, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Carme Valero

    (Center for Industrial Diagnostics and Fluid Dynamics (CDIF), Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Diagonal, 647, ETSEIB, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Mònica Egusquiza

    (Center for Industrial Diagnostics and Fluid Dynamics (CDIF), Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Diagonal, 647, ETSEIB, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Matias Bossio

    (Center for Industrial Diagnostics and Fluid Dynamics (CDIF), Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Diagonal, 647, ETSEIB, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

Abstract

Hydropower plays a key role in the actual energy market due to its fast response and regulation capacity. In that way, hydraulic turbines are increasingly demanded to work at off-design conditions, where complex flow patterns and cavitation appear, especially in Francis turbines. The draft tube cavitation surge is a hydraulic phenomenon that appears in Francis turbines below and above its Best Efficiency Point (BEP). It is a low frequency phenomenon consisting of a vortex rope in the runner outlet and draft tube, which can become unstable when its frequency coincides with a natural frequency of the hydraulic circuit. At this situation, the output power can significantly swing, endangering the electrical grid stability. This study is focused on the detection of these instabilities in Francis turbines and their relationship with the output power swings. To do so, extensive experimental tests for different operating conditions have been carried out in a large prototype Francis turbine (444 MW of rated power) within the frame of the European Project Hyperbole (FP7-ENERGY-2013-1). Several sensors have been installed in the hydraulic circuit (pressure sensors in the draft tube, spiral casing, and penstock), in the rotating and static structures (vibration sensors, proximity probes, and strain gauges in the runner and in the shaft), as well as in the electrical side (output power, intensity, and voltage). Moreover, a numerical Finite Element Method (FEM) has been also used to relate the hydraulic excitation with the output power swing.

Suggested Citation

  • David Valentín & Alexandre Presas & Eduard Egusquiza & Carme Valero & Mònica Egusquiza & Matias Bossio, 2017. "Power Swing Generated in Francis Turbines by Part Load and Overload Instabilities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:12:p:2124-:d:122812
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kumar, Pardeep & Saini, R.P., 2010. "Study of cavitation in hydro turbines--A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 374-383, January.
    2. Trivedi, Chirag & Cervantes, Michel J., 2017. "Fluid-structure interactions in Francis turbines: A perspective review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 87-101.
    3. Belanger, Camille & Gagnon, Luc, 2002. "Adding wind energy to hydropower," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 30(14), pages 1279-1284, November.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Sergey Skripkin & Zhigang Zuo & Mikhail Tsoy & Pavel Kuibin & Shuhong Liu, 2022. "Oscillation of Cavitating Vortices in Draft Tubes of a Simplified Model Turbine and a Model Pump–Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-18, April.
    2. Xin Liu & Yongyao Luo & Alexandre Presas & Zhengwei Wang & Lingjiu Zhou, 2018. "Cavitation Effects on the Structural Resonance of Hydraulic Turbines: Failure Analysis in a Real Francis Turbine Runner," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-16, September.
    3. Li, Huanhuan & Xu, Beibei & Arzaghi, Ehsan & Abbassi, Rouzbeh & Chen, Diyi & Aggidis, George A. & Zhang, Jingjing & Patelli, Edoardo, 2020. "Transient safety assessment and risk mitigation of a hydroelectric generation system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    4. Li, Huanhuan & Xu, Beibei & Riasi, Alireza & Szulc, Przemyslaw & Chen, Diyi & M'zoughi, Fares & Skjelbred, Hans Ivar & Kong, Jiehong & Tazraei, Pedram, 2019. "Performance evaluation in enabling safety for a hydropower generation system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1628-1642.
    5. Valentín, David & Presas, Alexandre & Valero, Carme & Egusquiza, Mònica & Egusquiza, Eduard, 2020. "Synchronous condenser operation in Francis turbines: Effects in the runner stress and machine vibration," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 890-900.
    6. K., Subramanya & Chelliah, Thanga Raj, 2023. "Capability of synchronous and asynchronous hydropower generating systems: A comprehensive study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    7. Valentín, David & Presas, Alexandre & Valero, Carme & Egusquiza, Mònica & Egusquiza, Eduard & Gomes, Joao & Avellan, François, 2020. "Transposition of the mechanical behavior from model to prototype of Francis turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 1011-1023.
    8. Yun Jia & Xianzhu Wei & Qianyun Wang & Jinsheng Cui & Fengchen Li, 2019. "Experimental Study of the Effect of Splitter Blades on the Performance Characteristics of Francis Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-16, May.
    9. Zhou, Xing & Shi, Changzheng & Miyagawa, Kazuyoshi & Wu, Hegao, 2021. "Effect of modified draft tube with inclined conical diffuser on flow instabilities in Francis turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 606-617.
    10. Li, Xudong & Yang, Weijia & Liao, Yiwen & Zhang, Shushu & Zheng, Yang & Zhao, Zhigao & Tang, Maojia & Cheng, Yongguang & Liu, Pan, 2024. "Short-term risk-management for hydro-wind-solar hybrid energy system considering hydropower part-load operating characteristics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 360(C).
    11. Presas, Alexandre & Luo, Yongyao & Wang, Zhengwei & Guo, Bao, 2019. "Fatigue life estimation of Francis turbines based on experimental strain measurements: Review of the actual data and future trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 96-110.
    12. Muhirwa, Alexis & Li, Biao & Su, Wen-Tao & Liu, Quan-Zhong & Binama, Maxime & Wu, Jian & Cai, Wei-Hua, 2020. "Investigation on mutual traveling influences between the draft tube and upstream components of a Francis turbine unit," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 973-992.
    13. Xijun Zhou & Yongjin Ye & Xianyu Zhang & Xiuwei Yang & Haijun Wang, 2022. "Refined 1D–3D Coupling for High-Frequency Forced Vibration Analysis in Hydraulic Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-18, August.
    14. Alessandro Morabito & Jan Spriet & Elena Vagnoni & Patrick Hendrick, 2020. "Underground Pumped Storage Hydropower Case Studies in Belgium: Perspectives and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-24, August.
    15. Zhou, Xing & Wu, Hegao & Cheng, Li & Huang, Quanshui & Shi, Changzheng, 2023. "A new draft tube shape optimisation methodology of introducing inclined conical diffuser in hydraulic turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).

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