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Review of Low-Temperature Performance, Modeling and Heating for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Author

Listed:
  • Bingxiang Sun

    (National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center (NANTEC), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Xianjie Qi

    (National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center (NANTEC), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Donglin Song

    (National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center (NANTEC), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
    Beijing Aerospace Times Laser Inertial Technology Company, Ltd., Beijing 100094, China)

  • Haijun Ruan

    (Institute for Clean Growth and Future Mobility, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
    Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK)

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have the advantages of high energy/power densities, low self-discharge rate, and long cycle life, and thus are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs). However, at low temperatures, the peak power and available energy of LIBs drop sharply, with a high risk of lithium plating during charging. This poor performance significantly impacts the application of EVs in cold weather and dramatically limits the promotion of EVs in high-latitude regions. This challenge recently attracted much attention, especially investigating the performance decrease for LIBs at low temperatures, and exploring the solutions; however, limited reviews exist on this topic. Here, we thoroughly review the state-of-the-arts about battery performance decrease, modeling, and preheating, aiming to drive effective solutions for addressing the low-temperature challenge of LIBs. We outline the performance limitations of LIBs at low temperatures and quantify the significant changes in (dis)charging performance and resistance of LIBs at low temperatures. The various models considering low-temperature influencing factors are also tabulated and summarized, with the modeling improvement for describing low-temperature performance highlighted. Furthermore, we categorize the existing heating methods, and the metrics such as heating rate, energy consumption, and lifetime impact are highlighted to provide fundamental insights into the heating methods. Finally, the limits of current research on low-temperature LIBs are outlined, and an outlook on future research direction is provided.

Suggested Citation

  • Bingxiang Sun & Xianjie Qi & Donglin Song & Haijun Ruan, 2023. "Review of Low-Temperature Performance, Modeling and Heating for Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-37, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:20:p:7142-:d:1262701
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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