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The performance of the three-float M4 wave energy converter off Albany, on the south coast of western Australia, compared to Orkney (EMEC) in the U.K

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  • Santo, H.
  • Taylor, P.H.
  • Stansby, P.K.

Abstract

In this study we compare wave climates and their potential for wave energy conversion for the two energetic but quite different sites of Albany and Orkney. Energy capture is based on the M4 machine with well defined characteristics. The M4 machine is a self reacting system with 3 floats, each float with a circular cross-section when viewed from above. The smaller two floats are rigidly connected by a beam, and the largest float is connected to the mid float by a beam with a hinge. The machine generates power through the relative angular motion of this hinge above the middle float. The machine performance was previously assessed for various locations in the eastern North Atlantic including the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) site west of the Orkney Islands, Scotland, for wave power output (Santo et al., 2016a) and extreme response (Santo et al., 2017). In this study, we apply the analysis to a location off Albany on the south coast of western Australia, an area well-known for almost continuous exposure to long period swells. We use Australian Department of Transport (DOT) wave buoy data measured in 60 m of water over the period 2009−2017. The hourly data is close to continuous but contains some gaps corresponding to ∼ 13% of the total duration, these are patched to form a continuous wave record.

Suggested Citation

  • Santo, H. & Taylor, P.H. & Stansby, P.K., 2020. "The performance of the three-float M4 wave energy converter off Albany, on the south coast of western Australia, compared to Orkney (EMEC) in the U.K," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 444-459.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:146:y:2020:i:c:p:444-459
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.146
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stansby, P. & Carpintero Moreno, E. & Stallard, T. & Maggi, A., 2015. "Three-float broad-band resonant line absorber with surge for wave energy conversion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 132-140.
    2. Ransley, E.J. & Greaves, D. & Raby, A. & Simmonds, D. & Hann, M., 2017. "Survivability of wave energy converters using CFD," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 235-247.
    3. Wanan Sheng & Hui Li, 2017. "A Method for Energy and Resource Assessment of Waves in Finite Water Depths," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-17, April.
    4. Ransley, E.J. & Greaves, D.M. & Raby, A. & Simmonds, D. & Jakobsen, M.M. & Kramer, M., 2017. "RANS-VOF modelling of the Wavestar point absorber," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 49-65.
    5. Santo, H. & Taylor, P.H. & Eatock Taylor, R. & Stansby, P., 2016. "Decadal variability of wave power production in the North-East Atlantic and North Sea for the M4 machine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 442-450.
    6. Mackay, Edward B.L. & Bahaj, AbuBakr S. & Challenor, Peter G., 2010. "Uncertainty in wave energy resource assessment. Part 2: Variability and predictability," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(8), pages 1809-1819.
    7. Behrens, Sam & Hayward, Jennifer A. & Woodman, Stuart C. & Hemer, Mark A. & Ayre, Melanie, 2015. "Wave energy for Australia's National Electricity Market," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 685-693.
    8. Wanan Sheng & Hui Li & Jimmy Murphy, 2017. "An Improved Method for Energy and Resource Assessment of Waves in Finite Water Depths," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-17, August.
    9. Ryan G. Coe & Yi-Hsiang Yu & Jennifer Van Rij, 2017. "A Survey of WEC Reliability, Survival and Design Practices," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-19, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Daming & Jin, Siya & Hann, Martyn & Conley, Daniel & Collins, Keri & Greaves, Deborah, 2023. "Power output estimation of a two-body hinged raft wave energy converter using HF radar measured representative sea states at Wave Hub in the UK," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 103-115.
    2. Bao, Minghan & Arzaghi, Ehsan & Abaei, Mohammad Mahdi & Abbassi, Rouzbeh & Garaniya, Vikram & Abdussamie, Nagi & Heasman, Kevin, 2024. "Site selection for offshore renewable energy platforms: A multi-criteria decision-making approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    3. Orszaghova, J. & Lemoine, S. & Santo, H. & Taylor, P.H. & Kurniawan, A. & McGrath, N. & Zhao, W. & Cuttler, M.V.W., 2022. "Variability of wave power production of the M4 machine at two energetic open ocean locations: Off Albany, Western Australia and at EMEC, Orkney, UK," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 417-431.
    4. He, Guanghua & Luan, Zhengxiao & Zhang, Wei & He, Runhua & Liu, Chaogang & Yang, Kaibo & Yang, Changhao & Jing, Penglin & Zhang, Zhigang, 2023. "Review on research approaches for multi-point absorber wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    5. Yi Zhang & Dapeng Zhang & Haoyu Jiang, 2023. "A Review of Offshore Wind and Wave Installations in Some Areas with an Eye towards Generating Economic Benefits and Offering Commercial Inspiration," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-32, May.
    6. Chandrasekaran, Srinivasan & Sricharan, V.V.S., 2020. "Numerical analysis of a new multi-body floating wave energy converter with a linear power take-off system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 250-271.

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    Keywords

    M4 wave energy converter; Extreme wave height; Practical wave power; Extreme response; South coast of western Australia; Orkney (EMEC);
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • M4 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Accounting

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