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Production and Characterization of Biodiesel Derived from a Novel Source Koelreuteria paniculata Seed Oil

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  • Inam Ullah Khan

    (Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China)

  • Zhenhua Yan

    (Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China)

  • Jun Chen

    (Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China)

Abstract

Biodiesel is a clean and renewable fuel, which is considered as the best alternative to diesel fuel, but the feedstock contributes more than 70% of the cost. The most important constituent essential for biodiesel development is to explore cheap feedstock with high oil content. In this work, we found novel non-edible plant seeds of Koelreuteria paniculata (KP) with high oil contents of 28–30 wt.% and low free fatty acid contents (0.91%), which can serve as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. KP seed oil can convert into biodiesel/fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by base-catalyzed transesterification with the highest biodiesel production of 95.2% after an optimization process. We obtained the optimal transesterification conditions, i.e., oil/methanol ratio (6:1), catalyst concentration (0.32), reaction temperature (65 °C), stirring rate (700 rpm), and reaction time (80 min). The physico-chemical properties and composition of the FAME were investigated and compared with mineral diesel. The synthesized esters were confirmed and characterized by the application of NMR ( 1 H and 13 C), FTIR, and GC-MS. The biofuel produced from KP seed oil satisfies the conditions verbalized by ASTM D6751 and EN14214 standards. Accordingly, KP source oil can be presented as a novel raw material for biofuel fabrication.

Suggested Citation

  • Inam Ullah Khan & Zhenhua Yan & Jun Chen, 2020. "Production and Characterization of Biodiesel Derived from a Novel Source Koelreuteria paniculata Seed Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:4:p:791-:d:319294
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nikolaj Kaae Kirk & Clara Navarrete & Jakob Ellegaard Juhl & José Luis Martínez & Alessandra Procentese, 2021. "The “Zero Miles Product” Concept Applied to Biofuel Production: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-19, January.
    2. Nirmala, N. & Dawn, S.S., 2021. "Optimization of Chlorella variabilis. MK039712.1 lipid transesterification using Response Surface Methodology and analytical characterization of biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1663-1673.

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