IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jobhdp/v151y2019icp150-159.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Speaking out and speaking up in multicultural settings: A two-study examination of cultural intelligence and voice behavior

Author

Listed:
  • Ng, Kok-Yee
  • Van Dyne, Linn
  • Ang, Soon

Abstract

Adopting a voice instrumentality perspective, we argue that cultural distance between the person speaking up and the voice targets will dampen voice behavior because of uncertainty surrounding what is appropriate and effective voice behavior. We further propose that cultural intelligence (CQ) mitigates this negative relationship and advance a mediated moderation model where the interactive effect of cultural distance and CQ on voice is mediated by perceived voice instrumentality. We test our hypotheses in teams (Study 1) and in supervisor-subordinate dyads in a global organization (Study 2). Results demonstrate that cultural distance is negatively related to speaking up to supervisor (Study 2), but not to speaking out to peers (Study 1). However, across both studies, individuals with low CQ engage in less voice to culturally distant voice targets than those with high CQ. In addition, results of Study 2 support mediated moderation and demonstrate that cultural distance has a negative indirect relationship with voice, via perceived voice instrumentality, only for individuals with low CQ. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our study for voice behavior in culturally diverse settings.

Suggested Citation

  • Ng, Kok-Yee & Van Dyne, Linn & Ang, Soon, 2019. "Speaking out and speaking up in multicultural settings: A two-study examination of cultural intelligence and voice behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 150-159.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jobhdp:v:151:y:2019:i:c:p:150-159
    DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.10.005
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749597815300868
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.10.005?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bruce Kogut & Harbir Singh, 1988. "The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 19(3), pages 411-432, September.
    2. Huang, Xu & de Vliert, Evert Van & der Vegt, Gerben Van, 2005. "Breaking the Silence Culture: Stimulation of Participation and Employee Opinion Withholding Cross-nationally," Management and Organization Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 1(3), pages 459-482, November.
    3. Imai, Lynn & Gelfand, Michele J., 2010. "The culturally intelligent negotiator: The impact of cultural intelligence (CQ) on negotiation sequences and outcomes," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 112(2), pages 83-98, July.
    4. Frances J. Milliken & Elizabeth W. Morrison & Patricia F. Hewlin, 2003. "An Exploratory Study of Employee Silence: Issues that Employees Don’t Communicate Upward and Why," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(6), pages 1453-1476, September.
    5. Rockstuhl, Thomas & Van Dyne, Linn, 2018. "A bi-factor theory of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence: Meta-analysis and theoretical extensions," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 124-144.
    6. Xu Huang & Evert Van de Vliert & Gerben Van der Vegt, 2005. "Breaking the Silence Culture: Stimulation of Participation and Employee Opinion Withholding Cross-nationally," Management and Organization Review, International Association of Chinese Management Research, vol. 1(3), pages 459-482, November.
    7. Linn Van Dyne & Soon Ang & Isabel C. Botero, 2003. "Conceptualizing Employee Silence and Employee Voice as Multidimensional Constructs," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(6), pages 1359-1392, September.
    8. Kristina Dahlin & L. Weingart & P. Hinds, 2005. "Team diversity and information use," Post-Print hal-00480406, HAL.
    9. Ivan M Manev & William B Stevenson, 2001. "Nationality, Cultural Distance, and Expatriate Status: Effects on the Managerial Network in a Multinational Enterprise," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 32(2), pages 285-303, June.
    10. Christian Tröster & Daan van Knippenberg, 2012. "Leader openness, nationality dissimilarity, and voice in multinational management teams," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 43(6), pages 591-613, August.
    11. James R. Detert & Linda K. Treviño, 2010. "Speaking Up to Higher-Ups: How Supervisors and Skip-Level Leaders Influence Employee Voice," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 21(1), pages 249-270, February.
    12. Soon Ang & Linn Van Dyne & Christine Koh & K. Yee Ng & Klaus J. Templer & Cheryl Tay & N. Anand Chandrasekar, 2007. "Cultural Intelligence: Its Measurement and Effects on Cultural Judgment and Decision Making, Cultural Adaptation and Task Performance," Management and Organization Review, The International Association for Chinese Management Research, vol. 3(3), pages 335-371, November.
    13. Ang, Soon & Van Dyne, Linn & Koh, Christine & Ng, K. Yee & Templer, Klaus J. & Tay, Cheryl & Chandrasekar, N. Anand, 2007. "Cultural Intelligence: Its Measurement and Effects on Cultural Judgment and Decision Making, Cultural Adaptation and Task Performance," Management and Organization Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 3(3), pages 335-371, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Lu Yuan & Hyun Jeong Kim & Hyounae (Kelly) Min, 2023. "How Cultural Intelligence Facilitates Employee Voice in the Hospitality Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-15, May.
    2. Wu, Frances & Dixon-Woods, Mary & Aveling, Emma-Louise & Campbell, Anne & Willars, Janet & Tarrant, Carolyn & Bates, David W. & Dankers, Christian & Mitchell, Imogen & Pronovost, Peter & Martin, Graha, 2021. "The role of the informal and formal organisation in voice about concerns in healthcare: A qualitative interview study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    3. Duan, Jinyun & Peluso, Alessandro M. & Yu, Linhan & Pilati, Massimo, 2021. "How employment relationship types influence employee work outcomes: The role of need for status and vigor," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 211-221.
    4. Günter K Stahl & Martha L Maznevski, 2021. "Unraveling the effects of cultural diversity in teams: A retrospective of research on multicultural work groups and an agenda for future research," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 52(1), pages 4-22, February.
    5. Yanbin Liu & Wei Wang & Hongxu Lu & Ping Yuan, 2022. "The divergent effects of employees’ sense of power on constructive and defensive voice behavior: A cross-level moderated mediation model," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 39(4), pages 1341-1366, December.
    6. Judit Garamvölgyi & Ildikó Rudnák, 2023. "Exploring the Relationship between Cultural Intelligence (CQ) and Management Competencies (MC)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, March.
    7. Xiaobo Li & Ting Wu & Jianhong Ma, 2021. "How leaders are persuaded: An elaboration likelihood model of voice endorsement," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(5), pages 1-17, May.
    8. Pidduck, Robert J. & Shaffer, Margaret A. & Zhang, Yejun & Cheung, Sally S.Y. & Yunlu, Dilek G., 2022. "Cultural intelligence: An identity lens on the influence of cross-cultural experience," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 28(3).
    9. Jialong Wu & Yuechao Du, 2022. "Linking Abusive Supervision to Promotive and Prohibitive Voice Behavior: Testing the Mediating Roles of Work Engagement and Negative Reciprocity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-16, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. repec:rai:zfpers:doi_10.1688/1862-0000_zfp_2013_02_remhof is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Ying Zhang & Lei Huang & Yunlong Duan & Yuran Li, 2022. "Are culturally intelligent professionals more committed to organizations? Examining Chinese expatriation in Belt & Road Countries," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 39(3), pages 967-997, September.
    3. Richter, Nicole Franziska & Martin, Jonathan & Hansen, Sofie V. & Taras, Vasyl & Alon, Ilan, 2021. "Motivational configurations of cultural intelligence, social integration, and performance in global virtual teams," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 351-367.
    4. Abdul Waheed & Xiaoming Miao & Salma Waheed & Naveed Ahmad & Abdul Majeed, 2019. "How New HRM Practices, Organizational Innovation, and Innovative Climate Affect the Innovation Performance in the IT Industry: A Moderated-Mediation Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-21, January.
    5. Peter Magnusson & Anja Schuster & Vas Taras, 2014. "A Process-Based Explanation of the Psychic Distance Paradox: Evidence from Global Virtual Teams," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 54(3), pages 283-306, June.
    6. Jimmy Donaghey & Niall Cullinane & Tony Dundon & Adrian Wilkinson, 2011. "Reconceptualising employee silence," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 25(1), pages 51-67, March.
    7. Julia Backmann & Rouven Kanitz & Amy Wei Tian & Patrick Hoffmann & Martin Hoegl, 2020. "Cultural gap bridging in multinational teams," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 51(8), pages 1283-1311, October.
    8. Anna Paolillo & Jorge Sinval & Sílvia A. Silva & Vittorio E. Scuderi, 2021. "The Relationship between Inclusion Climate and Voice Behaviors beyond Social Exchange Obligation: The Role of Psychological Needs Satisfaction," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-19, September.
    9. Mannucci, Pier Vittorio & Shalley, Christina E., 2022. "Embracing multicultural tensions: How team members’ multicultural paradox mindsets foster team information elaboration and creativity," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    10. Richter, Nicole Franziska & Schlaegel, Christopher & Taras, Vasyl & Alon, Ilan & Bird, Allan, 2023. "Reviewing half a century of measuring cross-cultural competence: Aligning theoretical constructs and empirical measures," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(4).
    11. Florian M. Artinger & Sabrina Artinger & Gerd Gigerenzer, 2019. "C. Y. A.: frequency and causes of defensive decisions in public administration," Business Research, Springer;German Academic Association for Business Research, vol. 12(1), pages 9-25, April.
    12. Peixu He & Zhenglong Peng & Hongdan Zhao & Christophe Estay, 2019. "How and When Compulsory Citizenship Behavior Leads to Employee Silence: A Moderated Mediation Model Based on Moral Disengagement and Supervisor–Subordinate Guanxi Views," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 155(1), pages 259-274, March.
    13. Şebnem Yazıcı & Mustafa Özgenel & Mehmet Hilmi Koç & Fatih Baydar, 2022. "The Mediator Role of Employee Voice in the Effect of Agile Leadership on Teachers’ Affective Occupational Commitment," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(3), pages 21582440221, August.
    14. Alexandru CÃPÃTÎNÃ & George SCHIN, 2013. "Minding the Cultural Gaps between Different Countries - A Real Challenge for the International Managers," REVISTA DE MANAGEMENT COMPARAT INTERNATIONAL/REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE MANAGEMENT, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 14(5), pages 704-712, December.
    15. Schlägel, Christopher & Sarstedt, Marko, 2016. "Assessing the measurement invariance of the four-dimensional cultural intelligence scale across countries: A composite model approach," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 633-649.
    16. Gyeongcheol Cho & Christopher Schlaegel & Heungsun Hwang & Younyoung Choi & Marko Sarstedt & Christian M. Ringle, 2022. "Integrated Generalized Structured Component Analysis: On the Use of Model Fit Criteria in International Management Research," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 62(4), pages 569-609, August.
    17. Petr Wawrosz & Miroslav Jurásek, 2021. "Developing Intercultural Efficiency: The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Self-Efficacy," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-21, August.
    18. Tavoletti, Ernesto & Stephens, Robert D. & Taras, Vas & Dong, Longzhu, 2022. "Nationality biases in peer evaluations: The country-of-origin effect in global virtual teams," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(2).
    19. Zhang, Ying & Zhu, Jing & Xu, Nan & Duan, Sophia Xiaoxia & Huang, Xiaodi, 2021. "Optimal selection of expatriates for cross-border assignment to enhance manufacturing efficiency," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    20. Maimunah Ismail, 2015. "Conceptualizing knowledge transfer between expatriates and host country nationals: The mediating effect of social capital," Cogent Business & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(1), pages 1101803-110, December.
    21. Abdel-Rahim, Heba Y. & Lorenz, Melanie P. & Zaher, Angie Abdel, 2022. "How do cultural difference, cultural exposure, and CQ affect interpretations of trust from contract choices? Evidence from dyadic cross-country experiments," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jobhdp:v:151:y:2019:i:c:p:150-159. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/obhdp .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.