IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v140y2017ip1p1074-1086.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The impact of n-butanol and iso-butanol as components of butanol-acetone (BA) mixture-diesel blend on spray, combustion characteristics, engine performance and emission in direct injection diesel engine

Author

Listed:
  • Algayyim, Sattar Jabbar Murad
  • Wandel, Andrew P.
  • Yusaf, Talal
  • Hamawand, Ihsan

Abstract

This article assesses the impact of n-butanol (nB) and iso-butanol (isoB) as components of a butanol-acetone (BA) mixture on spray, combustion, engine performance and emission characteristics. The macroscopic spray characteristics including spray penetration, spray cone angle and spray volume of n-/iso-BA-diesel blends were measured at two injection pressures 300 bar and 500 bar. A direct visualisation technique high speed camera was used to analyse the images that were obtained. The spray results show that both n- and iso-BA-diesel blends achieved a slightly higher penetration distance compared to pure diesel, resulting in a better fuel-air distribution and mixing. Two blend ratios (10% and 20%) of iso- and n-BA-diesel blends were tested in a single-cylinder DI diesel engine at three engine speeds: 1400, 2000 and 2600 rpm at full load. The engine performance included measuring the following parameters: pressure inside the combustion cylinder; brake power (BP); and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The exhaust gas emissions included measuring the following parameters: exhaust gas temperature (EGT); oxide of nitrogen (NOx); unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC); carbon monoxide (CO); and carbon dioxide (CO2). The results from the blended diesel with iso- and n- BA were also compared to pure diesel as a baseline. The results for 10 iso-BA-90 diesel showed a slight improvement in BP by 4% at medium speed, while the BP of 20iso-BA-diesel, 10 and 20 n-BA-diesel was slightly lower and comparable with pure diesel at all engine speeds. The highest peak in-cylinder pressure was measured for the iso-BA-diesel blends. BSFC and BTE were increased for both iso- and n-BA-diesel blends. CO emission reduced with the increase in both n-BA and iso-BA ratios in diesel blend. Both NOx emissions and EGT were decreased at all n-BA and iso-BA-diesel blends compared to pure diesel. UHC and NOx emissions concentration of n-BA-diesel blends were lower compared to that of the iso-BA-diesel blend. Thus, it can be concluded that iso-BA-diesel blends showed slight improvement in brake power and higher in-cylinder pressure, while n-BA-diesel blends resulted in lower emission levels in regard to NOx and UHC. Therefore, using n-BA and iso-BA blended together as an additive for diesel fuel could be a suitable blend to obtain optimum results in regard to engine performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Algayyim, Sattar Jabbar Murad & Wandel, Andrew P. & Yusaf, Talal & Hamawand, Ihsan, 2017. "The impact of n-butanol and iso-butanol as components of butanol-acetone (BA) mixture-diesel blend on spray, combustion characteristics, engine performance and emission in direct injection diesel engi," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 1074-1086.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:140:y:2017:i:p1:p:1074-1086
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.09.044
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544217315669
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2017.09.044?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Elfasakhany, Ashraf, 2017. "Investigations on performance and pollutant emissions of spark-ignition engines fueled with n-butanol–, isobutanol–, ethanol–, methanol–, and acetone–gasoline blends: A comparative study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 404-413.
    2. Shuai, Chenyang & Shen, Liyin & Jiao, Liudan & Wu, Ya & Tan, Yongtao, 2017. "Identifying key impact factors on carbon emission: Evidences from panel and time-series data of 125 countries from 1990 to 2011," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 310-325.
    3. Lešnik, Luka & Vajda, Blaž & Žunič, Zoran & Škerget, Leopold & Kegl, Breda, 2013. "The influence of biodiesel fuel on injection characteristics, diesel engine performance, and emission formation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 558-570.
    4. Jin, Chao & Yao, Mingfa & Liu, Haifeng & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Ji, Jing, 2011. "Progress in the production and application of n-butanol as a biofuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(8), pages 4080-4106.
    5. Giakoumis, Evangelos G. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D. & Dimaratos, Athanasios M. & Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C., 2013. "Exhaust emissions with ethanol or n-butanol diesel fuel blends during transient operation: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 170-190.
    6. Merola, S.S. & Tornatore, C. & Iannuzzi, S.E. & Marchitto, L. & Valentino, G., 2014. "Combustion process investigation in a high speed diesel engine fuelled with n-butanol diesel blend by conventional methods and optical diagnostics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 225-237.
    7. Liu, Haifeng & Li, Shanju & Zheng, Zunqing & Xu, Jia & Yao, Mingfa, 2013. "Effects of n-butanol, 2-butanol, and methyl octynoate addition to diesel fuel on combustion and emissions over a wide range of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 246-256.
    8. Chen, Zheng & Liu, Jingping & Han, Zhiyu & Du, Biao & Liu, Yun & Lee, Chiafon, 2013. "Study on performance and emissions of a passenger-car diesel engine fueled with butanol–diesel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 638-646.
    9. Chen, Guisheng & Shen, Yinggang & Zhang, Quanchang & Yao, Mingfa & Zheng, Zunqing & Liu, Haifeng, 2013. "Experimental study on combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with 2,5-dimethylfuran–diesel, n-butanol–diesel and gasoline–diesel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 333-342.
    10. Balamurugan, T. & Nalini, R., 2014. "Experimental investigation on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of four stroke diesel engine using diesel blended with alcohol as fuel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 356-363.
    11. Bohl, Thomas & Tian, Guohong & Smallbone, Andrew & Roskilly, Anthony P., 2017. "Macroscopic spray characteristics of next-generation bio-derived diesel fuels in comparison to mineral diesel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(P3), pages 562-573.
    12. Shadidi, Behdad & Yusaf, Talal & Alizadeh, Hossein Haji Agha & Ghobadian, Barat, 2014. "Experimental investigation of the tractor engine performance using diesohol fuel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 874-879.
    13. Wu, Han & Nithyanandan, Karthik & Zhang, Jiaxiang & Lin, Yilu & Lee, Timothy H. & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Zhang, Chunhua, 2015. "Impacts of Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE) ratio on spray and combustion characteristics of ABE–diesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 367-378.
    14. Karabektas, Murat & Hosoz, Murat, 2009. "Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using isobutanol–diesel fuel blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 1554-1559.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Loganathan, S. & Leenus Jesu Martin, M. & Nagalingam, B. & Prabhu, L., 2018. "Heat release rate and performance simulation of DME fuelled diesel engine using oxygenate correction factor and load correction factor in double Wiebe function," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 77-91.
    2. Zhen, Xudong & Wang, Yang & Liu, Daming, 2020. "Bio-butanol as a new generation of clean alternative fuel for SI (spark ignition) and CI (compression ignition) engines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 2494-2521.
    3. Ganesh, Duraisamy & Ayyappan, P.R. & Murugan, Rangasamy, 2019. "Experimental investigation of iso-butanol/diesel reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion in a non-road diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1307-1319.
    4. Liu, Yang & Cheng, Xiaobei & Qin, Longjiang & Wang, Xin & Yao, Junjie & Wu, Hui, 2020. "Experimental investigation on soot formation characteristics of n-heptane/butanol isomers blends in laminar diffusion flames," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    5. Xiaoqing Zhang & Tie Li & Pengfei Ma & Bin Wang, 2017. "Spray Combustion Characteristics and Soot Emission Reduction of Hydrous Ethanol Diesel Emulsion Fuel Using Color-Ratio Pyrometry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-13, December.
    6. Zhao, Wenbin & Wu, Haoqing & Mi, Shijie & Zhang, Yaoyuan & He, Zhuoyao & Qian, Yong & Lu, Xingcai, 2023. "Experimental investigation of the control strategy of high load extension under iso-butanol/biodiesel dual-fuel intelligent charge compression ignition (ICCI) mode," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    7. Jakub Čedík & Martin Pexa & Michal Holúbek & Jaroslav Mrázek & Hardikk Valera & Avinash Kumar Agarwal, 2021. "Operational Parameters of a Diesel Engine Running on Diesel–Rapeseed Oil–Methanol–Iso-Butanol Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-24, September.
    8. Sattar Jabbar Murad Algayyim & Andrew P. Wandel & Talal Yusaf, 2018. "The Impact of Injector Hole Diameter on Spray Behaviour for Butanol-Diesel Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-12, May.
    9. Yuan, Chenheng & Liu, Yang & Han, Cuijie & He, Yituan, 2019. "An investigation of mixture formation characteristics of a free-piston gasoline engine with direct-injection," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 626-636.
    10. Sattar Jabbar Murad Algayyim & Andrew P. Wandel, 2020. "Comparative Assessment of Spray Behavior, Combustion and Engine Performance of ABE-Biodiesel/Diesel as Fuel in DI Diesel Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-12, December.
    11. Thakkar, Kartikkumar & Kachhwaha, Surendra Singh & Kodgire, Pravin & Srinivasan, Seshasai, 2021. "Combustion investigation of ternary blend mixture of biodiesel/n-butanol/diesel: CI engine performance and emission control," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rajesh Kumar, B. & Saravanan, S., 2016. "Use of higher alcohol biofuels in diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 84-115.
    2. Yusri, I.M. & Mamat, R. & Najafi, G. & Razman, A. & Awad, Omar I. & Azmi, W.H. & Ishak, W.F.W. & Shaiful, A.I.M., 2017. "Alcohol based automotive fuels from first four alcohol family in compression and spark ignition engine: A review on engine performance and exhaust emissions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 169-181.
    3. David Fernández-Rodríguez & Magín Lapuerta & Lizzie German, 2021. "Progress in the Use of Biobutanol Blends in Diesel Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-22, May.
    4. Zheng, Zunqing & Wang, XiaoFeng & Zhong, Xiaofan & Hu, Bin & Liu, Haifeng & Yao, Mingfa, 2016. "Experimental study on the combustion and emissions fueling biodiesel/n-butanol, biodiesel/ethanol and biodiesel/2,5-dimethylfuran on a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 539-549.
    5. Vallinayagam, R. & Vedharaj, S. & Yang, W.M. & Roberts, W.L. & Dibble, R.W., 2015. "Feasibility of using less viscous and lower cetane (LVLC) fuels in a diesel engine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1166-1190.
    6. Wei, Liangjie & Cheung, C.S. & Huang, Zuohua, 2014. "Effect of n-pentanol addition on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a direct-injection diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 172-180.
    7. Li, Yuqiang & Chen, Yong & Wu, Gang & Liu, Jiangwei, 2018. "Experimental evaluation of water-containing isopropanol-n-butanol-ethanol and gasoline blend as a fuel candidate in spark-ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 42-52.
    8. Liu, Kaimin & Fu, Jianqin & Deng, Banglin & Yang, Jing & Tang, Qijun & Liu, Jingping, 2014. "The influences of pressure and temperature on laminar flame propagations of n-butanol, iso-octane and their blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 703-715.
    9. Irimescu, A. & Marchitto, L. & Merola, S.S. & Tornatore, C. & Valentino, G., 2015. "Combustion process investigations in an optically accessible DISI engine fuelled with n-butanol during part load operation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 363-376.
    10. Luiz Filipe Paiva Brandão & Jez Willian Batista Braga & Paulo Anselmo Ziani Suarez, 2020. "Alternative butanol/gasoline and butanol/diesel fuel blends: An analysis of the interdependence between physical-chemical properties by a multivariate principal component analysis model," Energy & Environment, , vol. 31(5), pages 733-754, August.
    11. Nguyen, Dinh Duc & Moghaddam, Hesam & Pirouzfar, Vahid & Fayyazbakhsh, Ahmad & Su, Chia-Hung, 2021. "Improving the gasoline properties by blending butanol-Al2O3 to optimize the engine performance and reduce air pollution," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    12. Nayyar, Ashish & Sharma, Dilip & Soni, Shyam Lal & Bhardwaj, Bhuvnesh & Augustine, Manu, 2019. "Modeling and experimental investigation for performance and emissions on a diesel engine using bio-oxygenated ternary fuel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 136-150.
    13. M, Vinod Babu & K, Madhu Murthy & G, Amba Prasad Rao, 2017. "Butanol and pentanol: The promising biofuels for CI engines – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1068-1088.
    14. Sattar Jabbar Murad Algayyim & Andrew P. Wandel & Talal Yusaf, 2018. "The Impact of Injector Hole Diameter on Spray Behaviour for Butanol-Diesel Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-12, May.
    15. Zheng, Zunqing & Xia, Mingtao & Liu, Haifeng & Wang, Xiaofeng & Yao, Mingfa, 2018. "Experimental study on combustion and emissions of dual fuel RCCI mode fueled with biodiesel/n-butanol, biodiesel/2,5-dimethylfuran and biodiesel/ethanol," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 824-838.
    16. Elfasakhany, Ashraf, 2018. "Exhaust emissions and performance of ternary iso-butanol–bio-methanol–gasoline and n-butanol–bio-ethanol–gasoline fuel blends in spark-ignition engines: Assessment and comparison," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 830-844.
    17. Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D. & Kyritsis, Dimitrios C., 2016. "Butanol or DEE blends with either straight vegetable oil or biodiesel excluding fossil fuel: Comparative effects on diesel engine combustion attributes, cyclic variability and regulated emissions trad," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 314-325.
    18. Deb, Madhujit & Debbarma, Bishop & Majumder, Arindam & Banerjee, Rahul, 2016. "Performance –emission optimization of a diesel-hydrogen dual fuel operation: A NSGA II coupled TOPSIS MADM approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(P1), pages 281-290.
    19. Bergthorson, Jeffrey M. & Thomson, Murray J., 2015. "A review of the combustion and emissions properties of advanced transportation biofuels and their impact on existing and future engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1393-1417.
    20. Bose, Probir Kumar & Deb, Madhujit & Banerjee, Rahul & Majumder, Arindam, 2013. "Multi objective optimization of performance parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine running with hydrogen using a Taguchi-fuzzy based approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 375-386.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:140:y:2017:i:p1:p:1074-1086. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.