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Butanol or DEE blends with either straight vegetable oil or biodiesel excluding fossil fuel: Comparative effects on diesel engine combustion attributes, cyclic variability and regulated emissions trade-off

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  • Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C.
  • Rakopoulos, Constantine D.
  • Kyritsis, Dimitrios C.

Abstract

This work investigates comparatively the effects of using as base fuels straight vegetable oil (SVO) and its biodiesel in blends with 10% or 20% of either n-butanol or DEE as supplements, excluding fossil fuel. The combustion attributes, cyclic variability, and all regulated emission trade-offs are examined in an experimental, ‘Hydra’ diesel engine at three loads. Cylinder pressure diagrams and related heat release rate analysis disclose and aid the interpretation of the differences observed in combustion attributes among all bio-fuels blends. Since low ignition quality fuels, such as the present bio-fuel supplements, may give rise to unstable engine operation and so detrimental performance, this work focuses also on the comparative examination of the strength of cyclic combustion variations as reflected in the cylinder pressure diagrams, by analyzing for maximum pressure and rate, indicated mean effective pressure, and ignition delay, using statistical analysis tools for averages and coefficients of variation (COV). The above results and the different physical and chemical properties of bio-fuels are used to aid the interpretation of engine stability differences observed among all bio-fuels examined, as well as the balance of all four exhaust emissions. The latter reveal defeat of smoke-NOx trade-off and interesting CO-HC adverse trade-off.

Suggested Citation

  • Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D. & Kyritsis, Dimitrios C., 2016. "Butanol or DEE blends with either straight vegetable oil or biodiesel excluding fossil fuel: Comparative effects on diesel engine combustion attributes, cyclic variability and regulated emissions trad," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 314-325.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:115:y:2016:i:p1:p:314-325
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.09.022
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    4. Theodoros C. Zannis & Roussos G. Papagiannakis & Efthimios G. Pariotis & Marios I. Kourampas, 2019. "Experimental Study of DI Diesel Engine Operational and Environmental Behavior Using Blends of City Diesel with Glycol Ethers and RME," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-36, April.
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    6. Liu, Haifeng & Ma, Guixiang & Hu, Bin & Zheng, Zunqing & Yao, Mingfa, 2018. "Effects of port injection of hydrous ethanol on combustion and emission characteristics in dual-fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) mode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 592-602.
    7. Rakopoulos, Constantine D. & Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C. & Kosmadakis, George M. & Papagiannakis, Roussos G., 2019. "Experimental comparative assessment of butanol or ethanol diesel-fuel extenders impact on combustion features, cyclic irregularity, and regulated emissions balance in heavy-duty diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 1145-1157.
    8. Hoseini, S.S. & Najafi, G. & Ghobadian, B. & Rahimi, A. & Yusaf, Talal & Mamat, Rizalman & Sidik, N.A.C. & Azmi, W.H., 2017. "Effects of biodiesel fuel obtained from Salvia macrosiphon oil (ultrasonic-assisted) on performance and emissions of diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 289-296.
    9. Wei, L. & Cheung, C.S. & Ning, Z., 2018. "Effects of biodiesel-ethanol and biodiesel-butanol blends on the combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 957-970.
    10. Krishnamoorthi, M. & Malayalamurthi, R., 2018. "Engine characteristics analysis of chaulmoogra oil blends and corrosion analysis of injector nozzle using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 1292-1319.
    11. Zuo, Lei & Wang, Junfeng & Mei, Deqing & Dai, Shengchao & Adu-Mensah, Derick, 2022. "Experimental investigation on combustion and (regulated and unregulated) emissions performance of a common-rail diesel engine using partially hydrogenated biodiesel-ethanol-diesel ternary blend," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 1272-1283.
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    13. Ä°smet Sezer, 2020. "A review study on using diethyl ether in diesel engines: Effects on fuel properties, injection, and combustion characteristics," Energy & Environment, , vol. 31(2), pages 179-214, March.
    14. Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D. & Kosmadakis, George M. & Giakoumis, Evangelos G., 2020. "Exergy assessment of combustion and EGR and load effects in DI diesel engine using comprehensive two-zone modeling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    15. George M. Kosmadakis & Constantine D. Rakopoulos, 2019. "A Fast CFD-Based Methodology for Determining the Cyclic Variability and Its Effects on Performance and Emissions of Spark-Ignition Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-15, October.
    16. Huang, Yongcheng & Li, Yaoting & Han, Xudong & Zhang, Jiating & Luo, Kun & Yang, Shangsheng & Wang, Jiyuan, 2020. "Investigation on fuel properties and engine performance of the extraction phase liquid of bio-oil/biodiesel blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1990-2002.
    17. Laura Aguado-Deblas & Jesús Hidalgo-Carrillo & Felipa M. Bautista & Diego Luna & Carlos Luna & Juan Calero & Alejandro Posadillo & Antonio A. Romero & Rafael Estevez, 2020. "Diethyl Ether as an Oxygenated Additive for Fossil Diesel/Vegetable Oil Blends: Evaluation of Performance and Emission Quality of Triple Blends on a Diesel Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-16, March.
    18. Krishnamoorthi, M. & Malayalamurthi, R., 2018. "Availability analysis, performance, combustion and emission behavior of bael oil - diesel - diethyl ether blends in a variable compression ratio diesel engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 235-252.
    19. Qi, D.H. & Yang, K. & Zhang, D. & Chen, B. & Wei, Q. & Zhang, C.H., 2017. "Experimental investigation of a turbocharged CRDI diesel engine fueled with Tung oil-diesel-ethanol microemulsion fuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1201-1207.
    20. Can, Özer & Öztürk, Erkan & Yücesu, H. Serdar, 2017. "Combustion and exhaust emissions of canola biodiesel blends in a single cylinder DI diesel engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 73-82.
    21. Krishnamoorthi, M. & Malayalamurthi, R., 2017. "Experimental investigation on performance, emission behavior and exergy analysis of a variable compression ratio engine fueled with diesel - aegle marmelos oil - diethyl ether blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 312-328.
    22. Puneet Verma & Svetlana Stevanovic & Ali Zare & Gaurav Dwivedi & Thuy Chu Van & Morgan Davidson & Thomas Rainey & Richard J. Brown & Zoran D. Ristovski, 2019. "An Overview of the Influence of Biodiesel, Alcohols, and Various Oxygenated Additives on the Particulate Matter Emissions from Diesel Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-25, May.

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