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Macroscopic spray characteristics of next-generation bio-derived diesel fuels in comparison to mineral diesel

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  • Bohl, Thomas
  • Tian, Guohong
  • Smallbone, Andrew
  • Roskilly, Anthony P.

Abstract

In this paper, the macroscopic spray characteristics of four next-generation biofuels, namely, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), Palm oil methyl ester (PME), Soybean oil methyl ester (SME) and used cooking oil methyl ester (UCOME) were investigated in detail using a constant volume spray vessel, and benchmarked against reference mineral diesel (B0). During experiments, fuels were heated to 80°C to achieve an engine-like environment before being injected at various compression ignition engine relevant operating conditions. The fuel spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and spray area were investigated analysing images obtained using a direct photography technique. Furthermore, a modified spray model was proposed to extend its scope to include alternative fuels by considering fuel density as part of the spray model. The results show that HVO with the lowest density of all fuels achieves the shortest penetration distance and the highest cone angle, resulting in a more distributed fuel-air mixture. All fuels have very similar spray areas for the same injection conditions, but the specific spray area per injected mass is highest for HVO followed by the three methyl esters. It was concluded that the fuel liquid viscosity was a significant factor on the observed air-fuel mixing process. The spray characteristics were compared with our engine test results and can be used to explain observed engine behaviour when fuelled with biofuels.

Suggested Citation

  • Bohl, Thomas & Tian, Guohong & Smallbone, Andrew & Roskilly, Anthony P., 2017. "Macroscopic spray characteristics of next-generation bio-derived diesel fuels in comparison to mineral diesel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(P3), pages 562-573.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:186:y:2017:i:p3:p:562-573
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.10.082
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    6. Kihyun Kim & Ocktaeck Lim, 2020. "Investigation of the Spray Development Process of Gasoline-Biodiesel Blended Fuel Sprays in a Constant Volume Chamber," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-22, September.
    7. de la Garza, Oscar A. & Martínez-Martínez, S. & Avulapati, Madan Mohan & Pos, Radboud & Megaritis, Thanos & Ganippa, Lionel, 2021. "Biofuels and its spray interactions under pilot-main injection strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
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    9. Ooi, Jong Boon & Ismail, Harun Mohamed & Tan, Boon Thong & Wang, Xin, 2018. "Effects of graphite oxide and single-walled carbon nanotubes as diesel additives on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a light-duty diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 70-80.
    10. Fu, Wei & Li, Fengyu & Meng, Kesheng & Liu, Yanju & Shi, Weidong & Lin, Qizhao, 2019. "Experiment and analysis of spray characteristics of biodiesel blending with di-n-butyl ether in a direct injection combustion chamber," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 77-89.
    11. Algayyim, Sattar Jabbar Murad & Wandel, Andrew P. & Yusaf, Talal & Hamawand, Ihsan, 2017. "The impact of n-butanol and iso-butanol as components of butanol-acetone (BA) mixture-diesel blend on spray, combustion characteristics, engine performance and emission in direct injection diesel engi," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 1074-1086.
    12. Tian, Junjian & Liu, Yu & Bi, Haobo & Li, Fengyu & Bao, Lin & Han, Kai & Zhou, Wenliang & Ni, Zhanshi & Lin, Qizhao, 2022. "Experimental study on the spray characteristics of octanol diesel and prediction of spray tip penetration by ANN model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    13. Muteeb Ul Haq & Ali Turab Jafry & Saad Ahmad & Taqi Ahmad Cheema & Munib Qasim Ansari & Naseem Abbas, 2022. "Recent Advances in Fuel Additives and Their Spray Characteristics for Diesel-Based Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-30, October.
    14. Zhong, Wenjun & Tamilselvan, P. & Wang, Qian & He, Zhixia & Feng, Huan & Yu, Xiong, 2018. "Experimental study of spray characteristics of diesel/hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel blended fuels under inert and reacting conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 349-358.

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