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Status and challenges of vapor compression air conditioning and heat pump systems for electric vehicles

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  • Ko, Jaedeok
  • Jeong, Ji Hwan

Abstract

The heat pump air conditioning (HPAC) systems in electric vehicles (EVs) consume a significant amount of electric power to manage the thermal requirements of various subsystems, particularly in hot and cold weather conditions. A comprehensive review of previous studies was conducted to assess the current status of technical challenges concerning HPAC systems for EVs, with a specific focus on vapor compression cycle systems. The review specifically addresses technical issues related to heat pump systems operating with refrigerants R-1234yf, R-290, and R-744. Furthermore, challenges in HPAC operation are comprehensively discussed, including frost formation, defrosting methods, start-up procedures, load management (pull-down or heat-up), lubricant oil effects, refrigerant charge imbalance, virtual prototyping, limitations of artificial neural network models, and control strategies. It is noted that the subcritical system using R-1234yf requires improvements for heating operations, while the transcritical system using R-744 needs enhancements in cooling performance. Additionally, the review suggests that further attention and exploration are needed in hybrid systems and multi-objective comprehensive control strategies for the vehicle thermal management system. The review provides valuable insights into the current state and future research directions in HPAC systems for EVs.

Suggested Citation

  • Ko, Jaedeok & Jeong, Ji Hwan, 2024. "Status and challenges of vapor compression air conditioning and heat pump systems for electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 375(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:375:y:2024:i:c:s0306261924014788
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124095
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    References listed on IDEAS

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