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Thermodynamic analysis and LCCP evaluation of kangaroo heat pump cycle for electric vehicles

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  • Mei, Zhenyuan
  • Hwang, Yunho
  • Kim, Jaeyeon

Abstract

The performance of heat pumps in electric vehicles drops significantly at low ambient temperatures due to low suction density and high-pressure ratios. To resolve this issue, we proposed the kangaroo heat pump cycle (KC). It is an enhanced flash tank-based vapor injection heat pump cycle (FT-VIC) that adds a sub-cycle before the refrigerant enters the flash tank, which increases the injection mass flow rate and leads to a higher heating capacity. Thermodynamic cycle models were developed for the basic heat pump cycle, FT-VIC, and KC. Furthermore, their heating performances, the annual energy consumption, and life cycle climate performance (LCCP) were evaluated and compared while using R-1234yf as the refrigerant. Results show that as compared to the FT-VIC, the KC increases the heating capacity by 25.7% and 20.1% and reduces the coefficient of performance by 25.8% and 18.9% when the ambient temperature is −5 °C and −15 °C, respectively. Due to the additional weight of the sub-cycle, the LCCP of KC is on average 4.6% higher than that of FT-VIC. In conclusion, the KC can provide more heating capacity in extremely cold conditions with additional energy consumption but is still more efficient than relying on the low-efficient PTC heater to meet the target heating capacity.

Suggested Citation

  • Mei, Zhenyuan & Hwang, Yunho & Kim, Jaeyeon, 2022. "Thermodynamic analysis and LCCP evaluation of kangaroo heat pump cycle for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:259:y:2022:i:c:s0360544222018928
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.124995
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Apostolaki-Iosifidou, Elpiniki & Codani, Paul & Kempton, Willett, 2017. "Measurement of power loss during electric vehicle charging and discharging," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 730-742.
    2. Ahn, Jae Hwan & Kang, Hoon & Lee, Ho Seong & Jung, Hae Won & Baek, Changhyun & Kim, Yongchan, 2014. "Heating performance characteristics of a dual source heat pump using air and waste heat in electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 1-9.
    3. Yang, Zijun & Wang, Bowen & Jiao, Kui, 2020. "Life cycle assessment of fuel cell, electric and internal combustion engine vehicles under different fuel scenarios and driving mileages in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Nan & Lu, Yiji & Ouderji, Zahra Hajabdollahi & Yu, Zhibin, 2023. "Review of heat pump integrated energy systems for future zero-emission vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    2. Cheng, Jia-Hao & Cao, Xiang & Shao, Liang-Liang & Zhang, Chun-Lu, 2023. "Performance evaluation of a novel heat pump system for drying with EVI-compressor driven precooling and reheating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PB).
    3. Jia, Fan & Yin, Xiang & Cao, Feng & Fang, Jianmin & Wang, Anci & Wang, Xixi & Yang, Lichen, 2024. "A novel control method for the automotive CO2 heat pumps under inappropriate refrigerant charge conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    4. Kwon, Soonbum & Lee, Dongchan & Chung, Jun Yeob & Maeng, Heegyu & Kim, Yongchan, 2024. "Performance comparison of a direct heat pump using R1234yf and indirect heat pumps using R1234yf and R290 designed for cabin heating of electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).

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