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Experimental research on charge determination and accumulator behavior in trans-critical CO2 mobile air-conditioning system

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  • Wang, Dandong
  • Zhang, Zhenyu
  • Yu, Binbin
  • Wang, Xinnan
  • Shi, Junye
  • Chen, Jiangping

Abstract

Natural refrigerant CO2 (R744) is one of next generation refrigerants in mobile air conditioner (MAC) application with superior environmental and heating performance. This paper investigated the charge characteristics and refrigerant migration behavior of a trans-critical CO2 MAC. A novel visualized accumulator with five observation mirrors was adopted to set up this CO2 MAC. A series of steady-state system experiments were carried out in a calorimeter facility to reveal the effects of refrigerant charge and EXV opening on system performance and accumulator behavior. In addition, the transient migration behavior of refrigerant during shutdown and start-up and the flow behavior of lubricant oil with 0.5 mm oil return hole were studied experimentally. It is found that a plateau region with optimal system performance occurred between 1100 g and 1600 g refrigerant charge. When the return hole becomes small, stratification of lubricant oil and liquid refrigerant was found in the accumulator.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Dandong & Zhang, Zhenyu & Yu, Binbin & Wang, Xinnan & Shi, Junye & Chen, Jiangping, 2019. "Experimental research on charge determination and accumulator behavior in trans-critical CO2 mobile air-conditioning system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 106-115.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:183:y:2019:i:c:p:106-115
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.116
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Qin, Fei & Zhang, Guiying & Xue, Qingfeng & Zou, Huiming & Tian, Changqing, 2017. "Experimental investigation and theoretical analysis of heat pump systems with two different injection portholes compressors for electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P2), pages 2085-2093.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jia, Fan & Yin, Xiang & Cao, Feng & Fang, Jianmin & Wang, Anci & Wang, Xixi & Yang, Lichen, 2024. "A novel control method for the automotive CO2 heat pumps under inappropriate refrigerant charge conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    2. Yulong Song & Hongsheng Xie & Mengying Yang & Xiangyu Wei & Feng Cao & Xiang Yin, 2023. "A Comprehensive Assessment of the Refrigerant Charging Amount on the Global Performance of a Transcritical CO 2 -Based Bus Air Conditioning and Heat Pump System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-21, March.
    3. Han, Binglong & Xiong, Tong & Xu, Shijie & Liu, Guoqiang & Yan, Gang, 2022. "Parametric study of a room air conditioner during defrosting cycle based on a modified defrosting model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
    4. Jiang, Ziqi & Tian, Yafen & Li, Kang & Zhao, Zhaorui & Liu, Ni & Zhang, Hua, 2024. "Research on refrigerant charge determination under different compressor speed and its effects on the performance of transcritical CO2 air-conditioning heat pump system in electric vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    5. Wang, Haidan & Song, Yulong & Qiao, Yiyou & Li, Shengbo & Cao, Feng, 2022. "Rational assessment and selection of air source heat pump system operating with CO2 and R407C for electric bus," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 86-101.
    6. Hongzeng Ji & Jinchen Pei & Jingyang Cai & Chen Ding & Fen Guo & Yichun Wang, 2023. "Review of Recent Advances in Transcritical CO 2 Heat Pump and Refrigeration Cycles and Their Development in the Vehicle Field," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-21, May.
    7. Song, Yulong & Wang, Haidan & Ma, Yuan & Yin, Xiang & Cao, Feng, 2022. "Energetic, economic, environmental investigation of carbon dioxide as the refrigeration alternative in new energy bus/railway vehicles’ air conditioning systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    8. Kang Li & Jun Yu & Mingkang Liu & Dan Xu & Lin Su & Yidong Fang, 2020. "A Study of Optimal Refrigerant Charge Amount Determination for Air-Conditioning Heat Pump System in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-18, February.
    9. Konrad, Mary Elizabeth & MacDonald, Brendan D., 2023. "Cold climate air source heat pumps: Industry progress and thermodynamic analysis of market-available residential units," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).

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