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Multi-Objective Optimisation-Based Design of an Electric Vehicle Cabin Heating Control System for Improved Thermal Comfort and Driving Range

Author

Listed:
  • Ivan Cvok

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Igor Ratković

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Joško Deur

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

Abstract

Modern electric vehicle heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems operate in more efficient heat pump mode, thus, improving the driving range under cold ambient conditions. Coupling those HVAC systems with novel heating technologies such as infrared heating panels (IRP) results in a complex system with multiple actuators, which needs to be optimally coordinated to maximise the efficiency and comfort. The paper presents a multi-objective genetic algorithm-based control input allocation method, which relies on a multi-physical HVAC model and a CFD-evaluated cabin airflow distribution model implemented in Dymola. The considered control inputs include the cabin inlet air temperature, blower and radiator fan air mass flows, secondary coolant loop pump speeds, and IRP control settings. The optimisation objective is to minimise total electric power consumption and thermal comfort described by predictive mean vote (PMV) index. Optimisation results indicate that HVAC and IRP controls are effectively decoupled, and that a significant reduction of power consumption (typically from 20% to 30%) can be achieved using IRPs while maintaining the same level of thermal comfort. The previously proposed hierarchical HVAC control strategy is parameterised and extended with a PMV-based controller acting via IRP control inputs. The performance is verified through simulations in a heat-up scenario, and the power consumption reduction potential is analysed for different cabin air temperature setpoints.

Suggested Citation

  • Ivan Cvok & Igor Ratković & Joško Deur, 2021. "Multi-Objective Optimisation-Based Design of an Electric Vehicle Cabin Heating Control System for Improved Thermal Comfort and Driving Range," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-24, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:1203-:d:504393
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhang, Zhenying & Wang, Jiayu & Feng, Xu & Chang, Li & Chen, Yanhua & Wang, Xingguo, 2018. "The solutions to electric vehicle air conditioning systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 443-463.
    2. Myeong Hyeon Park & Sung Chul Kim, 2017. "Heating Performance Characteristics of High-Voltage PTC Heater for an Electric Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-14, September.
    3. Ivan Cvok & Igor Ratković & Joško Deur, 2020. "Optimisation of Control Input Allocation Maps for Electric Vehicle Heat Pump-based Cabin Heating Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-23, October.
    4. Dominik Dvorak & Daniele Basciotti & Imre Gellai, 2020. "Demand-Based Control Design for Efficient Heat Pump Operation of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-18, October.
    5. Daniele Basciotti & Dominik Dvorak & Imre Gellai, 2020. "A Novel Methodology for Evaluating the Impact of Energy Efficiency Measures on the Cabin Thermal Comfort of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-16, July.
    6. Qi, Zhaogang, 2014. "Advances on air conditioning and heat pump system in electric vehicles – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 754-764.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gian Luca Patrone & Elena Paffumi & Marcos Otura & Mario Centurelli & Christian Ferrarese & Steffen Jahn & Andreas Brenner & Bernd Thieringer & Daniel Braun & Thomas Hoffmann, 2022. "Assessing the Energy Consumption and Driving Range of the QUIET Project Demonstrator Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-21, February.

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