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Design and analysis of a parallel hydraulic – pneumatic regenerative braking system for heavy-duty hybrid vehicles

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  • Bravo, Rafael Rivelino Silva
  • De Negri, Victor Juliano
  • Oliveira, Amir Antonio Martins

Abstract

Hydraulic-pneumatic hybrid powertrains provide an opportunity for combined high power and high energy regenerative braking systems for heavy duty vehicles that need to transpose both highway and urban areas. The challenge in designing these systems resides in the proper sizing, integration, and control of the components to exploit with high efficiency the different energy and power range available in these applications. In the novel concept proposed here, braking energy is recovered by a hydraulic system and stored in a hydraulic accumulator and in an air reservoir. While the hydraulic system shares the vehicle propulsion in parallel to the internal combustion engine, the compressed air is used to power auxiliaries in power-assist mode. The conception, modeling, sizing, and system integration are presented, relying on commercially available components. The lumped parameter simulation model written in MATLAB/Simulink is first validated by comparing measurements and predictions for a laboratory system. Then, two conditions of braking energy recovery for a 19 tonnes bus are analyzed: a full stop, typical of urban driving, and a downward road slope, typical of highway driving. Results indicate that the system proposed is able to store 69% of the available energy during full stop and 14% in the highway downward slope. However, although the storage efficiency is smaller in the downward slope, the total energy recovered is 2.8 times larger than the energy recovered after full stop. Also, while the pneumatic energy stored is only 20% of the energy stored in the hydraulic accumulators after full stop, it is more than twice for the road slope. These results indicate an opportunity for significantly improving the overall energy efficiency of delivery trucks and buses.

Suggested Citation

  • Bravo, Rafael Rivelino Silva & De Negri, Victor Juliano & Oliveira, Amir Antonio Martins, 2018. "Design and analysis of a parallel hydraulic – pneumatic regenerative braking system for heavy-duty hybrid vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 60-77.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:225:y:2018:i:c:p:60-77
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.102
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Bravo, Rafael Rivelino da Silva & Gama, Artur Tozzi de Cantuaria & Oliveira, Amir Antonio Martins & De Negri, Victor Juliano, 2023. "Component sizing and sensitivity analysis of design parameters of a hydraulic-pneumatic regenerative braking system for heavy duty vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    2. Marcin Jankowski & Anna Pałac & Krzysztof Sornek & Wojciech Goryl & Maciej Żołądek & Maksymilian Homa & Mariusz Filipowicz, 2024. "Status and Development Perspectives of the Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Technologies—A Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-46, April.
    3. Yu, Jin & Song, Yurun & Zhang, Huasen & Dong, Xiaohan, 2022. "Novel design of compound coupled hydro-mechanical transmission on heavy-duty vehicle for energy recycling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    4. Muataz Abotabik & Richard T. Meyer, 2021. "Switched Optimal Control of a Heavy-Duty Hybrid Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-20, October.
    5. Liu, Huanlong & Jiang, Yue & Li, Shun, 2019. "Design and downhill speed control of an electric-hydrostatic hydraulic hybrid powertrain in battery-powered rail vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    6. Donglai Zhao & Wenjie Ge & Xiaojuan Mo & Bo Liu & Dianbiao Dong, 2019. "Design of A New Hydraulic Accumulator for Transient Large Flow Compensation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-17, August.
    7. Hyukjoon Kwon & Monika Ivantysynova, 2020. "System Characteristics Analysis for Energy Management of Power-Split Hydraulic Hybrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-23, April.

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