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Optimal use of thermal energy storage resources in commercial buildings through price-based demand response considering distribution network operation

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  • Kim, Youngjin
  • Norford, Leslie K.

Abstract

Energy storage resources (ESRs) inherent in building structures are a viable, attractive option to improve power system operation by providing demand-side flexibility. This paper proposes a two-stage optimisation framework for price-based demand response of commercial buildings that include variable speed heat pumps (VSHPs). The proposed framework aims at assisting commercial building aggregators to devise a beneficial strategy for exploiting thermal ESRs in response to electricity prices. Specifically, in this paper, the thermal dynamics of VSHPs are modelled in detail using a set of piecewise linear equations for two different methods of room temperature control. The energy consumption and reserve provision of VSHPs, as well as plug-in electric vehicles, are then co-optimised considering the operating conditions of distribution networks (DNs) for the pre- and post-contingency states of wind power generation. Simulation case studies are performed to estimate the effects of building ESRs on the optimal operation of power systems and commercial buildings under various conditions characterised by: (1) temperature control methods, (2) ESR penetration levels, and (3) DN operational constraints.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim, Youngjin & Norford, Leslie K., 2017. "Optimal use of thermal energy storage resources in commercial buildings through price-based demand response considering distribution network operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 308-324.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:193:y:2017:i:c:p:308-324
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.02.046
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    14. Alimohammadisagvand, Behrang & Jokisalo, Juha & Sirén, Kai, 2018. "Comparison of four rule-based demand response control algorithms in an electrically and heat pump-heated residential building," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 167-179.
    15. Fu, Yangyang & O'Neill, Zheng & Wen, Jin & Pertzborn, Amanda & Bushby, Steven T., 2022. "Utilizing commercial heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems to provide grid services: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    16. Huang, Pei & Fan, Cheng & Zhang, Xingxing & Wang, Jiayuan, 2019. "A hierarchical coordinated demand response control for buildings with improved performances at building group," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 684-694.
    17. Jin, Ming & Feng, Wei & Marnay, Chris & Spanos, Costas, 2018. "Microgrid to enable optimal distributed energy retail and end-user demand response," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 1321-1335.
    18. Shaik, Saleem & Yeboah, Osei-Agyeman, 2018. "Does climate influence energy demand? A regional analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 691-703.
    19. Liang, Zheming & Bian, Desong & Zhang, Xiaohu & Shi, Di & Diao, Ruisheng & Wang, Zhiwei, 2019. "Optimal energy management for commercial buildings considering comprehensive comfort levels in a retail electricity market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 916-926.
    20. Wei, Zhichen & Calautit, John, 2023. "Predictive control of low-temperature heating system with passive thermal mass energy storage and photovoltaic system: Impact of occupancy patterns and climate change," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    21. Yoon, Ah-Yun & Kim, Young-Jin & Zakula, Tea & Moon, Seung-Ill, 2020. "Retail electricity pricing via online-learning of data-driven demand response of HVAC systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    22. Ghasem Ansari & Reza Keypour, 2023. "Optimizing the Performance of Commercial Demand Response Aggregator Using the Risk-Averse Function of Information-Gap Decision Theory," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-31, April.
    23. Faqiry, M. Nazif & Edmonds, Lawryn & Wu, Hongyu & Pahwa, Anil, 2020. "Distribution locational marginal price-based transactive day-ahead market with variable renewable generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).

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