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Greenhouse gas emission savings of ground source heat pump systems in Europe: A review

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  1. Arif Widiatmojo & Sasimook Chokchai & Isao Takashima & Yohei Uchida & Kasumi Yasukawa & Srilert Chotpantarat & Punya Charusiri, 2019. "Ground-Source Heat Pumps with Horizontal Heat Exchangers for Space Cooling in the Hot Tropical Climate of Thailand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-22, April.
  2. Gao, Jiajia & Li, Anbang & Xu, Xinhua & Gang, Wenjie & Yan, Tian, 2018. "Ground heat exchangers: Applications, technology integration and potentials for zero energy buildings," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(PA), pages 337-349.
  3. Sara Sewastianik & Andrzej Gajewski, 2021. "An Environmental Assessment of Heat Pumps in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-24, December.
  4. M. M. Mousa & A. M. Bayomy & M. Z. Saghir, 2020. "Experimental and Numerical Study on Energy Piles with Phase Change Materials," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-21, September.
  5. Alessandro Casasso & Pietro Capodaglio & Fulvio Simonetto & Rajandrea Sethi, 2019. "Environmental and Economic Benefits from the Phase-out of Residential Oil Heating: A Study from the Aosta Valley Region (Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-16, July.
  6. Violante, Anna Carmela & Donato, Filippo & Guidi, Giambattista & Proposito, Marco, 2022. "Comparative life cycle assessment of the ground source heat pump vs air source heat pump," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 1029-1037.
  7. Elisa Heim & Marius Laska & Ralf Becker & Norbert Klitzsch, 2022. "Estimating the Subsurface Thermal Conductivity and Its Uncertainty for Shallow Geothermal Energy Use—A Workflow and Geoportal Based on Publicly Available Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-19, May.
  8. Tsagarakis, Konstantinos P. & Efthymiou, Loukia & Michopoulos, Apostolos & Mavragani, Amaryllis & Anđelković, Aleksandar S. & Antolini, Francesco & Bacic, Mario & Bajare, Diana & Baralis, Matteo & Bog, 2020. "A review of the legal framework in shallow geothermal energy in selected European countries: Need for guidelines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P2), pages 2556-2571.
  9. Yang, Libing & Entchev, Evgueniy & Ghorab, Mohamed & Lee, Euy-Joon & Kang, Eun-Chul & Kim, Yu-Jin & Nam, Yujin & Bae, Sangmu & Kim, Kwonye, 2022. "Advanced smart trigeneration energy system design for commercial building applications – Energy and cost performance analyses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
  10. Luo, Jin & Zhang, Qi & Liang, Changming & Wang, Haiqi & Ma, Xinning, 2023. "An overview of the recent development of the Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) system in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 269-279.
  11. Wilke, Sascha & Menberg, Kathrin & Steger, Hagen & Blum, Philipp, 2020. "Advanced thermal response tests: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
  12. Stemmle, Ruben & Blum, Philipp & Schüppler, Simon & Fleuchaus, Paul & Limoges, Melissa & Bayer, Peter & Menberg, Kathrin, 2021. "Environmental impacts of aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
  13. Rivera, Jaime A. & Blum, Philipp & Bayer, Peter, 2015. "Ground energy balance for borehole heat exchangers: Vertical fluxes, groundwater and storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 1341-1351.
  14. Zhang, Changxing & Guo, Zhanjun & Liu, Yufeng & Cong, Xiaochun & Peng, Donggen, 2014. "A review on thermal response test of ground-coupled heat pump systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 851-867.
  15. Zhang, Long & Jiang, Yiqiang & Dong, Jiankai & Yao, Yang, 2018. "Advances in vapor compression air source heat pump system in cold regions: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 353-365.
  16. Böttcher, Fabian & Casasso, Alessandro & Götzl, Gregor & Zosseder, Kai, 2019. "TAP - Thermal aquifer Potential: A quantitative method to assess the spatial potential for the thermal use of groundwater," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 85-95.
  17. Pan, Shu-Yuan & Gao, Mengyao & Shah, Kinjal J. & Zheng, Jianming & Pei, Si-Lu & Chiang, Pen-Chi, 2019. "Establishment of enhanced geothermal energy utilization plans: Barriers and strategies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 19-32.
  18. Bayer, Peter & de Paly, Michael & Beck, Markus, 2014. "Strategic optimization of borehole heat exchanger field for seasonal geothermal heating and cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 445-453.
  19. Stegnar, Gašper & Staničić, D. & Česen, M. & Čižman, J. & Pestotnik, S. & Prestor, J. & Urbančič, A. & Merše, S., 2019. "A framework for assessing the technical and economic potential of shallow geothermal energy in individual and district heating systems: A case study of Slovenia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 405-420.
  20. Trumpy, Eugenio & Bertani, Ruggero & Manzella, Adele & Sander, Marietta, 2015. "The web-oriented framework of the world geothermal production database: A business intelligence platform for wide data distribution and analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 379-389.
  21. Somogyi, Viola & Sebestyén, Viktor & Nagy, Georgina, 2017. "Scientific achievements and regulation of shallow geothermal systems in six European countries – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 934-952.
  22. Salpakari, Jyri & Lund, Peter, 2016. "Optimal and rule-based control strategies for energy flexibility in buildings with PV," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 425-436.
  23. Yunna, Wu & Ruhang, Xu, 2013. "Green building development in China-based on heat pump demonstration projects," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 211-219.
  24. Belliardi, Marco & Caputo, Paola & Ferla, Giulio & Cereghetti, Nerio & Antonioli Mantegazzini, Barbara, 2023. "An innovative application of 5GDHC: A techno-economic assessment of shallow geothermal systems potential in different European climates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
  25. Zhu, Tong & Curtis, John & Clancy, Matthew, 2023. "Modelling barriers to low-carbon technologies in energy system analysis: The example of renewable heat in Ireland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(PA).
  26. Wang, Guiling & Wang, Wanli & Luo, Jin & Zhang, Yuhao, 2019. "Assessment of three types of shallow geothermal resources and ground-source heat-pump applications in provincial capitals in the Yangtze River Basin, China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 392-421.
  27. Bayer, Peter & Attard, Guillaume & Blum, Philipp & Menberg, Kathrin, 2019. "The geothermal potential of cities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 17-30.
  28. García-Gil, Alejandro & Vázquez-Suñe, Enric & Alcaraz, Maria M. & Juan, Alejandro Serrano & Sánchez-Navarro, José Ángel & Montlleó, Marc & Rodríguez, Gustavo & Lao, José, 2015. "GIS-supported mapping of low-temperature geothermal potential taking groundwater flow into account," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 268-278.
  29. Karytsas, Spyridon & Choropanitis, Ioannis, 2017. "Barriers against and actions towards renewable energy technologies diffusion: A Principal Component Analysis for residential ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 252-271.
  30. Staiger Robert & Tanţău Adrian, 2015. "Energy efficiency model for small/medium geothermal heat pump systems," Management & Marketing, Sciendo, vol. 10(1), pages 12-33, June.
  31. Francesco Tinti & Sara Kasmaee & Mohamed Elkarmoty & Stefano Bonduà & Villiam Bortolotti, 2018. "Suitability Evaluation of Specific Shallow Geothermal Technologies Using a GIS-Based Multi Criteria Decision Analysis Implementing the Analytic Hierarchic Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-21, February.
  32. Aresti, Lazaros & Christodoulides, Paul & Florides, Georgios A., 2021. "An investigation on the environmental impact of various Ground Heat Exchangers configurations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 592-605.
  33. Li, Chao & Guan, Yanling & Liu, Jianhong & Jiang, Chao & Yang, Ruitao & Hou, Xueming, 2020. "Heat transfer performance of a deep ground heat exchanger for building heating in long-term service," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 20-34.
  34. Nikitin, Andrey & Farahnak, Mehdi & Deymi-Dashtebayaz, Mahdi & Muraveinikov, Sergei & Nikitina, Veronika & Nazeri, Reza, 2022. "Effect of ice thickness and snow cover depth on performance optimization of ground source heat pump based on the energy, exergy, economic and environmental analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 1301-1317.
  35. Tissen, Carolin & Menberg, Kathrin & Benz, Susanne A. & Bayer, Peter & Steiner, Cornelia & Götzl, Gregor & Blum, Philipp, 2021. "Identifying key locations for shallow geothermal use in Vienna," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 1-19.
  36. Luo, Siqiong & Wang, Jingyuan & Tan, Xiaoqing & Meng, Xianhong & Shang, Lunyu & Li, Hongmei & Zhou, Bingrong & Chen, Qi, 2024. "Characteristics of ground surface heat flux for alpine vegetation in freeze-thaw cycles in the three river source region," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
  37. Baquedano, Carlos & García-Gil, Alejandro & Marazuela, Miguel Ángel & Carnicer, Ana María & Aguilera, Héctor & Santamarta, Juan Carlos & Mejías Fernández, Alejandro, 2022. "The efficiency loss in groundwater heat pump systems triggered by thermal recycling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 1458-1468.
  38. Rostampour, Vahab & Jaxa-Rozen, Marc & Bloemendal, Martin & Kwakkel, Jan & Keviczky, Tamás, 2019. "Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) smart grids: Large-scale seasonal energy storage as a distributed energy management solution," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 624-639.
  39. Bloess, Andreas & Schill, Wolf-Peter & Zerrahn, Alexander, 2018. "Power-to-heat for renewable energy integration: A review of technologies, modeling approaches, and flexibility potentials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1611-1626.
  40. Michopoulos, A. & Zachariadis, T. & Kyriakis, N., 2013. "Operation characteristics and experience of a ground source heat pump system with a vertical ground heat exchanger," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 349-357.
  41. Casasso, Alessandro & Sethi, Rajandrea, 2015. "Modelling thermal recycling occurring in groundwater heat pumps (GWHPs)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 86-93.
  42. Matteo Rivoire & Alessandro Casasso & Bruno Piga & Rajandrea Sethi, 2018. "Assessment of Energetic, Economic and Environmental Performance of Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-23, July.
  43. Cho, Sangmin & Kim, Jinsoo & Heo, Eunnyeong, 2015. "Application of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to select the optimal heating facility for Korean horticulture and stockbreeding sectors," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 1075-1083.
  44. Aranzabal, Nordin & Martos, Julio & Steger, Hagen & Blum, Philipp & Soret, Jesús, 2019. "Temperature measurements along a vertical borehole heat exchanger: A method comparison," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1247-1258.
  45. Cerfontaine, B. & Radioti, G. & Collin, F. & Charlier, R., 2016. "Formulation of a 1D finite element of heat exchanger for accurate modelling of the grouting behaviour: Application to cyclic thermal loading," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 65-79.
  46. Hähnlein, Stefanie & Bayer, Peter & Ferguson, Grant & Blum, Philipp, 2013. "Sustainability and policy for the thermal use of shallow geothermal energy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 914-925.
  47. Simon Rees & Robin Curtis, 2014. "National Deployment of Domestic Geothermal Heat Pump Technology: Observations on the UK Experience 1995–2013," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(8), pages 1-40, August.
  48. Antonio Novelli & Valentina D’Alonzo & Simon Pezzutto & Rubén Aarón Estrada Poggio & Alessandro Casasso & Pietro Zambelli, 2021. "A Spatially-Explicit Economic and Financial Assessment of Closed-Loop Ground-Source Geothermal Heat Pumps: A Case Study for the Residential Buildings of Valle d’Aosta Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-22, November.
  49. Carvalho, Anabela Duarte & Mendrinos, Dimitris & De Almeida, Anibal T., 2015. "Ground source heat pump carbon emissions and primary energy reduction potential for heating in buildings in Europe—results of a case study in Portugal," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 755-768.
  50. Hu, Jinzhong, 2017. "An improved analytical model for vertical borehole ground heat exchanger with multiple-layer substrates and groundwater flow," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 537-549.
  51. Lee, Chul-sung & Hoes, P. & Cóstola, D. & Hensen, J.L.M., 2019. "Assessing the performance potential of climate adaptive greenhouse shells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 534-545.
  52. Francesco, Tinti & Annamaria, Pangallo & Martina, Berneschi & Dario, Tosoni & Dušan, Rajver & Simona, Pestotnik & Dalibor, Jovanović & Tomislav, Rudinica & Slavisa, Jelisić & Branko, Zlokapa & Attilio, 2016. "How to boost shallow geothermal energy exploitation in the adriatic area: the LEGEND project experience," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 190-204.
  53. Bayer, Peter & Rybach, Ladislaus & Blum, Philipp & Brauchler, Ralf, 2013. "Review on life cycle environmental effects of geothermal power generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 446-463.
  54. Santamarta, Juan C. & García-Gil, Alejandro & Expósito, María del Cristo & Casañas, Elías & Cruz-Pérez, Noelia & Rodríguez-Martín, Jesica & Mejías-Moreno, Miguel & Götzl, Gregor & Gemeni, Vasiliki, 2021. "The clean energy transition of heating and cooling in touristic infrastructures using shallow geothermal energy in the Canary Islands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 505-515.
  55. McClean, A. & Pedersen, O.W., 2023. "The role of regulation in geothermal energy in the UK," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
  56. Sasimook Chokchai & Srilert Chotpantarat & Isao Takashima & Youhei Uchida & Arif Widiatmojo & Kasumi Yasukawa & Punya Charusiri, 2018. "A Pilot Study on Geothermal Heat Pump (GHP) Use for Cooling Operations, and on GHP Site Selection in Tropical Regions Based on a Case Study in Thailand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-17, September.
  57. Camille Jeandaux & Jean-Baptiste Videau & Anne Prieur-Vernat, 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment of District Heating Systems in Europe: Case Study and Recommendations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-32, October.
  58. Su, Meirong & Pauleit, Stephan & Yin, Xuemei & Zheng, Ying & Chen, Shaoqing & Xu, Chao, 2016. "Greenhouse gas emission accounting for EU member states from 1991 to 2012," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 759-768.
  59. Michele Bottarelli & Francisco Javier González Gallero, 2020. "Energy Analysis of a Dual-Source Heat Pump Coupled with Phase Change Materials," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-17, June.
  60. García-Gil, Alejandro & Goetzl, Gregor & Kłonowski, Maciej R. & Borovic, Staša & Boon, David P. & Abesser, Corinna & Janza, Mitja & Herms, Ignasi & Petitclerc, Estelle & Erlström, Mikael & Holecek, Ja, 2020. "Governance of shallow geothermal energy resources," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
  61. Sivasakthivel, T. & Murugesan, K. & Sahoo, P.K., 2015. "Study of technical, economical and environmental viability of ground source heat pump system for Himalayan cities of India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 452-462.
  62. Asaee, S. Rasoul & Sharafian, Amir & Herrera, Omar E. & Blomerus, Paul & Mérida, Walter, 2018. "Housing stock in cold-climate countries: Conversion challenges for net zero emission buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 88-100.
  63. Salpakari, Jyri & Rasku, Topi & Lindgren, Juuso & Lund, Peter D., 2017. "Flexibility of electric vehicles and space heating in net zero energy houses: an optimal control model with thermal dynamics and battery degradation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 800-812.
  64. Andrea Aquino & Flavio Scrucca & Emanuele Bonamente, 2021. "Sustainability of Shallow Geothermal Energy for Building Air-Conditioning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-30, October.
  65. Wahiba Yaïci & Andres Annuk & Evgueniy Entchev & Michela Longo & Janar Kalder, 2021. "Organic Rankine Cycle-Ground Source Heat Pump with Seasonal Energy Storage Based Micro-Cogeneration System in Cold Climates: The Case for Canada," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-21, September.
  66. Zhang, Tiansheng & Liu, Chun & Bayer, Peter & Zhang, Liwei & Gong, Xulong & Gu, Kai & Shi, Bin, 2022. "City-wide monitoring and contributing factors to shallow subsurface temperature variability in Nanjing, China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1105-1115.
  67. Bloess, Andreas & Schill, Wolf-Peter & Zerrahn, Alexander, 2018. "Power-to-heat for renewable energy integration: A review of technologies, modeling approaches, and flexibility potentials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1611-1626.
  68. Soni, Suresh Kumar & Pandey, Mukesh & Bartaria, Vishvendra Nath, 2016. "Hybrid ground coupled heat exchanger systems for space heating/cooling applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 724-738.
  69. Ioan Sarbu & Calin Sebarchievici, 2016. "Performance Evaluation of Radiator and Radiant Floor Heating Systems for an Office Room Connected to a Ground-Coupled Heat Pump," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-19, March.
  70. Cui, Yuanlong & Zhu, Jie & Twaha, Ssennoga & Riffat, Saffa, 2018. "A comprehensive review on 2D and 3D models of vertical ground heat exchangers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 84-114.
  71. Rivera, Jaime A. & Blum, Philipp & Bayer, Peter, 2015. "Analytical simulation of groundwater flow and land surface effects on thermal plumes of borehole heat exchangers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 421-433.
  72. Menberg, Kathrin & Heberle, Florian & Uhrmann, Hannah & Bott, Christoph & Grünäugl, Sebastian & Brüggemann, Dieter & Bayer, Peter, 2023. "Environmental impact of cogeneration in binary geothermal plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
  73. Bruno Piga & Alessandro Casasso & Francesca Pace & Alberto Godio & Rajandrea Sethi, 2017. "Thermal Impact Assessment of Groundwater Heat Pumps (GWHPs): Rigorous vs. Simplified Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-19, September.
  74. Rivera, Jaime A. & Blum, Philipp & Bayer, Peter, 2016. "A finite line source model with Cauchy-type top boundary conditions for simulating near surface effects on borehole heat exchangers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 50-63.
  75. Charlesworth, S.M. & Faraj-Llyod, A.S. & Coupe, S.J., 2017. "Renewable energy combined with sustainable drainage: Ground source heat and pervious paving," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 912-919.
  76. Brudermueller, Tobias & Kreft, Markus & Fleisch, Elgar & Staake, Thorsten, 2023. "Large-scale monitoring of residential heat pump cycling using smart meter data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
  77. Nicola Massarotti & Alessandro Mauro & Gennaro Normino & Laura Vanoli & Clara Verde & Vincenzo Allocca & Domenico Calcaterra & Silvio Coda & Pantaleone De Vita & Cesare Forzano & Adolfo Palombo & Paol, 2021. "Innovative Solutions to Use Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps in Historical Buildings: A Test Case in the City of Napoli, Southern Italy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-22, January.
  78. Frederik Ruelens & Sandro Iacovella & Bert J. Claessens & Ronnie Belmans, 2015. "Learning Agent for a Heat-Pump Thermostat with a Set-Back Strategy Using Model-Free Reinforcement Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-19, August.
  79. Piotr Jadwiszczak & Jakub Jurasz & Bartosz Kaźmierczak & Elżbieta Niemierka & Wandong Zheng, 2021. "Factors Shaping A/W Heat Pumps CO₂ Emissions—Evidence from Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-13, March.
  80. Retkowski, Waldemar & Thöming, Jorg, 2014. "Thermoeconomic optimization of vertical ground-source heat pump systems through nonlinear integer programming," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 492-503.
  81. Zhongchao Zhao & Rendong Shen & Weixian Feng & Yong Zhang & Yanrui Zhang, 2018. "Soil Thermal Balance Analysis for a Ground Source Heat Pump System in a Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Region," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-13, May.
  82. Serianz, Luka & Rman, Nina & Golobič, Iztok & Brenčič, Mihael, 2022. "Groundwater heat transfer and thermal outflow plume modelling in the Alps," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 751-763.
  83. Aira, Roberto & Fernández-Seara, José & Diz, Rubén & Pardiñas, Ángel Á., 2017. "Experimental analysis of a ground source heat pump in a residential installation after two years in operation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 1214-1223.
  84. Patteeuw, Dieter & Reynders, Glenn & Bruninx, Kenneth & Protopapadaki, Christina & Delarue, Erik & D’haeseleer, William & Saelens, Dirk & Helsen, Lieve, 2015. "CO2-abatement cost of residential heat pumps with active demand response: demand- and supply-side effects," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 490-501.
  85. Heiskanen, Eva & Matschoss, Kaisa, 2017. "Understanding the uneven diffusion of building-scale renewable energy systems: A review of household, local and country level factors in diverse European countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 580-591.
  86. Li, Min & Lai, Alvin C.K., 2015. "Review of analytical models for heat transfer by vertical ground heat exchangers (GHEs): A perspective of time and space scales," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 178-191.
  87. Junghans, Lars, 2015. "Evaluation of the economic and environmental feasibility of heat pump systems in residential buildings, with varying qualities of the building envelope," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 699-705.
  88. Beck, Markus & Bayer, Peter & de Paly, Michael & Hecht-Méndez, Jozsef & Zell, Andreas, 2013. "Geometric arrangement and operation mode adjustment in low-enthalpy geothermal borehole fields for heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 434-443.
  89. Sivasakthivel, T. & Murugesan, K. & Sahoo, P.K., 2014. "A study on energy and CO2 saving potential of ground source heat pump system in India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 278-293.
  90. Casasso, Alessandro & Sethi, Rajandrea, 2016. "G.POT: A quantitative method for the assessment and mapping of the shallow geothermal potential," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 765-773.
  91. Zhou, Yang & Wu, Zi-han & Wang, Kang, 2021. "An analytical model for heat transfer outside a single borehole heat exchanger considering convection at ground surface and advection of vertical water flow," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 1046-1062.
  92. Sebarchievici, Calin & Sarbu, Ioan, 2015. "Performance of an experimental ground-coupled heat pump system for heating, cooling and domestic hot-water operation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 148-159.
  93. Korhonen, Kimmo & Markó, Ábel & Bischoff, Alan & Szijártó, Márk & Mádl-Szőnyi, Judit, 2023. "Infinite borehole field model—a new approach to estimate the shallow geothermal potential of urban areas applied to central Budapest, Hungary," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 263-274.
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