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Advanced thermal response tests: A review

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  • Wilke, Sascha
  • Menberg, Kathrin
  • Steger, Hagen
  • Blum, Philipp

Abstract

In this study, the historical and technical development and the current status of distributed (DTRT) and enhanced (ETRT) thermal response tests (TRT) are reviewed. The different test setups of these advanced TRT are critically assessed and future research questions are outlined. Advanced TRT use specific temperature measurement techniques for the depth-resolved determination of site-specific ground parameters that are required for an optimal design of borehole heat exchanger (BHE) fields. The depth-resolved determination of these thermal properties, such as effective thermal conductivities and thermal borehole resistances, is the key advantage in comparison to conventional TRT, promising economic benefits during the installation and operating phase of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems. Various test setups exist which differ regarding the heating procedure, i.e. circulating heating fluid and heating wire, the temperature measurement technique, i.e. optical fiber and wireless probe, as well as in their suitability for parameter estimation. These advanced techniques can furthermore provide information about geological layers, fractured zones and groundwater influenced sections in the subsurface as well as inadequate backfilled zones along the borehole heat exchanger. Despite this, advanced TRT are reported in international literature only for a few locations and some test setups are purely theoretical without any practical demonstration. Uncertainties exist regarding the comparability of the test setups, the sensitivity of the measurement devices under test conditions, as well as the best evaluation procedure. Also, scarce information is available about the use beyond academic field and economic aspects in comparison to conventional TRT. Encouraging further research and a more extensive transfer of these promising techniques from academia to practice is therefore also the aim of this review.

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  • Wilke, Sascha & Menberg, Kathrin & Steger, Hagen & Blum, Philipp, 2020. "Advanced thermal response tests: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:119:y:2020:i:c:s136403211930783x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.109575
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    1. Luo, Jin & Zhang, Qi & Liang, Changming & Wang, Haiqi & Ma, Xinning, 2023. "An overview of the recent development of the Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) system in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 269-279.
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    3. Alessandro Franco & Paolo Conti, 2020. "Clearing a Path for Ground Heat Exchange Systems: A Review on Thermal Response Test (TRT) Methods and a Geotechnical Routine Test for Estimating Soil Thermal Properties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-21, June.
    4. Zhang, Bo & Gu, Kai & Shi, Bin & Liu, Chun & Bayer, Peter & Wei, Guangqing & Gong, Xülong & Yang, Lei, 2020. "Actively heated fiber optics based thermal response test: A field demonstration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    5. Ignacio Martín Nieto & Cristina Sáez Blázquez & Arturo Farfán Martín & Diego González-Aguilera, 2020. "Analysis of the Influence of Reducing the Duration of a Thermal Response Test in a Water-Filled Geothermal Borehole Located in Spain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-19, December.
    6. Hakala, Petri & Vallin, Sami & Arola, Teppo & Martinkauppi, Ilkka, 2022. "Novel use of the enhanced thermal response test in crystalline bedrock," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 467-482.
    7. Deng, Zhenpeng & Nian, Yongle & Cheng, Wen-long, 2023. "Estimation method of layered ground thermal conductivity for U-tube BHE based on the quasi-3D model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 121-133.
    8. Palomo-Torrejón, Elisabet & Colmenar-Santos, Antonio & Rosales-Asensio, Enrique & Mur-Pérez, Francisco, 2021. "Economic and environmental benefits of geothermal energy in industrial processes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 134-146.
    9. Zhang, Bo & Gu, Kai & Wei, Zhuang & Jiang, Lin & Zheng, Yu & Wang, Baojun & Shi, Bin, 2023. "Governing factors for actively heated fiber optics based thermal response tests," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(P1).
    10. Lamarche, Louis & Raymond, Jasmin & Giordano, Nicolò, 2024. "Oscillatory thermal response tests to estimate the ground thermal diffusivity," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PA).
    11. Yoshitaka Sakata & Takao Katsura & Ahmed A. Serageldin & Katsunori Nagano & Motoaki Ooe, 2021. "Evaluating Variability of Ground Thermal Conductivity within a Steep Site by History Matching Underground Distributed Temperatures from Thermal Response Tests," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-17, March.
    12. Violante, Anna Carmela & Guidi, Giambattista & Proposito, Marco & Mataloni, Simone & Spaziani, Fabio, 2024. "Use of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) coupled to ground source heat exchangers for geological thermo-stratigraphic correlation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    13. Hans Schwarz & Borja Badenes & Jan Wagner & José Manuel Cuevas & Javier Urchueguía & David Bertermann, 2021. "A Case Study of Thermal Evolution in the Vicinity of Geothermal Probes Following a Distributed TRT Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, May.

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