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A framework for assessing the technical and economic potential of shallow geothermal energy in individual and district heating systems: A case study of Slovenia

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  • Stegnar, Gašper
  • Staničić, D.
  • Česen, M.
  • Čižman, J.
  • Pestotnik, S.
  • Prestor, J.
  • Urbančič, A.
  • Merše, S.

Abstract

The deployment of geothermal energy systems can significantly contribute to climate change mitigation and play a part in the transition to a low carbon society. This study proposes a framework for identifying the shallow geothermal energy potential of new individual and district heating (DH) systems. The model accounts for thermal interference between neighbouring wells and borehole heat exchangers, where the main criteria for analysis are ground temperature, thermal conductivity, heat flow, and heat capacity. The paper presents a cost-effective area method for the identification of potential new DH areas, while considering the cost competitiveness of the heat supplied. Economic potential is determined based on the cost-effectiveness of the competing technologies, separately for urban and rural areas. The results show that although 54% of technical DH potential in Slovenia remains untapped, the future of shallow geothermal energy systems lies predominantly in individual systems, which have proven to be the most cost efficient solution on locations with favourable geological or hydro-geological conditions. Where possible, shallow geothermal energy can contribute from 2% to 25% of energy for heat production in analysed existing fossil fuel based DH systems, thus making shallow geothermal energy suitable for supplying base load power in an economical manner.

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  • Stegnar, Gašper & Staničić, D. & Česen, M. & Čižman, J. & Pestotnik, S. & Prestor, J. & Urbančič, A. & Merše, S., 2019. "A framework for assessing the technical and economic potential of shallow geothermal energy in individual and district heating systems: A case study of Slovenia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 405-420.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:180:y:2019:i:c:p:405-420
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.121
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    8. Yang, Yu & Li, Bo & Che, Lulu & Li, Tao & Li, Menghua & Liu, Pu & Zeng, Yifan & Long, Jie, 2023. "Study on the performance and mechanism of high thermal conductivity and low-density cementing composite for deep geothermal wells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
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    13. Atefeh Abbaspour & Hossein Yousefi & Alireza Aslani & Younes Noorollahi, 2022. "Economic and Environmental Analysis of Incorporating Geothermal District Heating System Combined with Radiant Floor Heating for Building Heat Supply in Sarein, Iran Using Building Information Modeling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-24, November.
    14. Lauma Balode & Kristiāna Dolge & Dagnija Blumberga, 2021. "The Contradictions between District and Individual Heating towards Green Deal Targets," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-26, March.
    15. Walch, Alina & Li, Xiang & Chambers, Jonathan & Mohajeri, Nahid & Yilmaz, Selin & Patel, Martin & Scartezzini, Jean-Louis, 2022. "Shallow geothermal energy potential for heating and cooling of buildings with regeneration under climate change scenarios," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).
    16. Luo, Jin & Wang, Haiqi & Zhang, Haiyong & Yan, Zezhou, 2021. "A geospatial assessment of the installation potential of shallow geothermal systems in a graben basin," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(P1), pages 553-564.
    17. Hu, Ziyuan & Gao, Zongjun & Xu, Xiqiang & Fang, Shaoyan & Zhou, Liangyu & Ji, Deshuai & Li, Fuquan & Feng, Jianguo & Wang, Min, 2022. "Suitability zoning of buried pipe ground source heat pump and shallow geothermal resource evaluation of Linqu County, Shandong Province, China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 1430-1439.

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