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Riesgos psicosociales y satisfacción laboral en docentes de una universidad pública argentina: explorando el rol del work engagement

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  • Pujol-Cols, Lucas J.

Abstract

Fundamentación: La profesión académica se ha convertido en una ocupación altamente estresante. Como resultado, la literatura tradicionalmente se ha concentrado en los efectos nocivos de los riesgos psicosociales, ignorando en un grado considerable los mecanismos que conducen a la conservación de actitudes positivas frente a los estresores laborales. Objetivos: (1) Estimar la prevalencia de riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo (i.e. exigencias psicológicas, insuficiente autonomía, falta de apoyo social y liderazgo, doble presencia e inseguridad sobre el futuro) en una muestra de docentes de una Universidad Pública Argentina, (2) Analizar la influencia de un conjunto de variables sociodemográficas (i.e. edad, género y nivel educativo) y laborales (i.e. jerarquía del cargo, antigüedad en el cargo actual y dedicación) sobre la percepción de exposición a riesgos psicosociales, (3) Analizar el rol mediador y moderador del Work Engagement en la relación entre percepción de exposición a riesgos psicosociales y satisfacción laboral. Materiales y métodos: Se administró un cuestionario de auto-informe a un total de 177 docentes pertenecientes a una Universidad Pública Argentina. El mismo incluyó tres escalas: la versión reducida del Copsoq-Istas 21, el BIAJS y UWES-9. Se utilizaron distintas técnicas de análisis multivariado, incluyendo Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, ecuaciones estructurales, análisis de regresión múltiple y análisis de regresiones jerárquicas. Resultados: Se observó una elevada prevalencia de doble presencia, exigencias psicológicas e insuficiente estima. El Work Engagement medió en forma total la relación entre percepción de exposición a riesgos psicosociales y satisfacción laboral. Se identificaron tres interacciones significativas, sugiriendo que el Work Engagement modera los efectos de los riesgos psicosociales sobre la satisfacción laboral de los docentes. Conclusiones: Resulta esencial que las Universidades introduzcan cambios en la organización del trabajo, que propendan a reducir las demandas laborales y/o a incrementar los recursos laborales con el propósito de mitigar su impacto psicosocial sobre los docentes, en particular en aquellos aspectos ligados a la doble presencia, las exigencias psicológicas y la estima. Es vital que las Universidades diseñen estrategias que conduzcan a incrementar el Work Engagement en la medida en que pareciera ayudar a los académicos a enfrentar los riesgos psicosociales a los que se ven expuestos en sus trabajos. Se discuten las limitaciones de este estudio y las implicancias del mismo para la gestión universitaria. También se proponen líneas futuras de investigación.

Suggested Citation

  • Pujol-Cols, Lucas J., 2017. "Riesgos psicosociales y satisfacción laboral en docentes de una universidad pública argentina: explorando el rol del work engagement," Nülan. Deposited Documents 2867, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, Centro de Documentación.
    • Handle: RePEc:nmp:nuland:2867
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    References listed on IDEAS

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