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A Study on the Drift of Spray Droplets Dipped in Airflows with Different Directions

Author

Listed:
  • Simone Pascuzzi

    (Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy)

  • Volodymyr Bulgakov

    (Department of Mechanics, Faculty of Construction and Design, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine)

  • Francesco Santoro

    (Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy)

  • Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis

    (Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy)

  • Semjons Ivanovs

    (Faculty of Engineering, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Liela str. 2, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia)

  • Ivan Holovach

    (Department of Mechanics, Faculty of Construction and Design, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine)

Abstract

The European Directive concerning pesticide sustainable use establishes regulations to reduce the environmental drift throughout treatments to agricultural crops, particularly in nearby sensitive areas, such as water bodies, natural reserves and urban areas. The drift represents the fraction of mixture delivered by the sprayer that is not caught by the crop, and is the clearest cause of environmental pollution. Anti-drift nozzles are usually employed, and buffer zones are also maintained along the edges of the sprayed field to reduce drift production. The aim of this work was the theoretical study of the motion of the spray droplets delivered by a nozzle, dipped in downwards and/or lateral forced air flows. A mathematical model has been developed, consisting of a system of 2nd order differential equations, to simulate the motion of water droplets of different diameters within simultaneous different directions of air flow. The graphs, obtained by means of the numerical solution of the model, allow us to analyze the level of the droplets’ drift, according to their diameter and to the speed of the lateral and the downward air flows, respectively. A lateral airflow at a speed of 5 m · s − 1 produced a drift in its direction until 1.70 m for droplets from 100 to 500 μm in diameter. For larger drops, the impact of the downward airflow is not very significant. The results obtained by the numerical solution of the mathematical model have been compared with the results of experimental tests carried out to evaluate the drift of spray produced by different nozzles.

Suggested Citation

  • Simone Pascuzzi & Volodymyr Bulgakov & Francesco Santoro & Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis & Semjons Ivanovs & Ivan Holovach, 2020. "A Study on the Drift of Spray Droplets Dipped in Airflows with Different Directions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:11:p:4644-:d:368098
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Arrigo Salvatore Guerrieri & Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis & Francesco Santoro & Simone Pascuzzi, 2019. "Study of a Large Square Baler with Innovative Technological Systems that Optimize the Baling Effectiveness," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-8, April.
    2. Simone Pascuzzi & Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis & Francesco Santoro, 2020. "The Concept of a Compact Profile Agricultural Tractor Suitable for Use on Specialised Tree Crops," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-10, April.
    3. Volodymyr Bulgakov & Simone Pascuzzi & Volodymyr Nadykto & Semjons Ivanovs, 2018. "A Mathematical Model of the Plane-Parallel Movement of an Asymmetric Machine-and-Tractor Aggregate," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-15, October.
    4. Volodymyr Bulgakov & Simone Pascuzzi & Hristo Beloev & Semjons Ivanovs, 2019. "Theoretical Investigations of the Headland Turning Agility of a Trailed Asymmetric Implement-and-Tractor Aggregate," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-11, October.
    5. Simone Pascuzzi & Francesco Santoro, 2017. "Analysis of the Almond Harvesting and Hulling Mechanization Process: A Case Study," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 7(12), pages 1-9, December.
    6. Volodymyr Bulgakov & Simone Pascuzzi & Francesco Santoro & Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis, 2018. "Mathematical Model of the Plane-Parallel Movement of the Self-Propelled Root-Harvesting Machine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-11, October.
    7. Volodymyr Bulgakov & Simone Pascuzzi & Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis & Francesco Santoro, 2019. "Oscillations Analysis of Front-Mounted Beet Topper Machine for Biomass Harvesting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-14, July.
    8. Marco Grella & Montserrat Gallart & Paolo Marucco & Paolo Balsari & Emilio Gil, 2017. "Ground Deposition and Airborne Spray Drift Assessment in Vineyard and Orchard: The Influence of Environmental Variables and Sprayer Settings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-26, May.
    9. Emanuele Cerruto & Giuseppe Manetto & Francesco Santoro & Simone Pascuzzi, 2018. "Operator Dermal Exposure to Pesticides in Tomato and Strawberry Greenhouses from Hand-Held Sprayers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-21, July.
    10. Volodymyr Bulgakov & Simone Pascuzzi & Valerii Adamchuk & Volodymyr Kuvachov & Ladislav Nozdrovicky, 2019. "Theoretical Study of Transverse Offsets of Wide Span Tractor Working Implements and Their Influence on Damage to Row Crops," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-10, July.
    11. Simone Pascuzzi, 2016. "Outcomes on the Spray Profiles Produced by the Feasible Adjustments of Commonly Used Sprayers in “Tendone” Vineyards of Apulia (Southern Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-18, December.
    12. Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis & Salvatore Camposeo & Gaetano Alessandro Vivaldi & Francesco Santoro & Simone Pascuzzi, 2019. "Comparison of UAV Photogrammetry and 3D Modeling Techniques with Other Currently Used Methods for Estimation of the Tree Row Volume of a Super-High-Density Olive Orchard," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-14, October.
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