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Ground Deposition and Airborne Spray Drift Assessment in Vineyard and Orchard: The Influence of Environmental Variables and Sprayer Settings

Author

Listed:
  • Marco Grella

    (Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Turin (UNITO), Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy)

  • Montserrat Gallart

    (Department of Agrifood Engineering and Biotechnology (DEAB), Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Esteve Terradas, 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain)

  • Paolo Marucco

    (Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Turin (UNITO), Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy)

  • Paolo Balsari

    (Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Turin (UNITO), Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy)

  • Emilio Gil

    (Department of Agrifood Engineering and Biotechnology (DEAB), Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Esteve Terradas, 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain)

Abstract

Spray drift assessment encompasses classification of the capacity of each sprayer/technology/setting combination to reduce or avoid the spray drift risk, as well as drift measurement to define buffer zones mandated during pesticide application. Compounding the challenge of these tasks is the great variability of field evaluation results from environmental conditions, spray application technology, canopy structure, and measurement procedures. This study, performed in Spanish context, evaluates the effects of different parameters on comparative measurements of ground and airborne spray drift employing the ISO22866:2005 protocol. Four configurations of air blast sprayers, derived from two fan airflow rates and two nozzle types (conventional and air-induction), were tested in orchard and vineyard at late growth stage. Spray drift curves were obtained, from which corresponding Drift Values (DVs) were calculated using an approximation of definite integral. Both sprayer settings and environmental variables statistically affect spray drift total amounts and result variability. PCA analysis showed that nozzle type and wind speed characteristics explained 51% and 24% of the variance, respectively. In particular, mean wind direction influence ground sediments (Pr < 0.01) and maximum wind speed strongly influence airborne drift value (Pr < 0.0001). The wind characteristics concealed the influence of adopted fan airflow rates on final spray drift assessment results. The effect of uncontrollable environmental conditions makes objective and comparative tests difficult.

Suggested Citation

  • Marco Grella & Montserrat Gallart & Paolo Marucco & Paolo Balsari & Emilio Gil, 2017. "Ground Deposition and Airborne Spray Drift Assessment in Vineyard and Orchard: The Influence of Environmental Variables and Sprayer Settings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-26, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:5:p:728-:d:97409
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Charles M. Benbrook & Brian P. Baker, 2014. "Perspective on Dietary Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Organic Food," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 6(6), pages 1-19, May.
    2. Simone Pascuzzi, 2016. "Outcomes on the Spray Profiles Produced by the Feasible Adjustments of Commonly Used Sprayers in “Tendone” Vineyards of Apulia (Southern Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-18, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Georgios Bourodimos & Michael Koutsiaras & Vasilios Psiroukis & Athanasios Balafoutis & Spyros Fountas, 2019. "Development and Field Evaluation of a Spray Drift Risk Assessment Tool for Vineyard Spraying Application," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-20, August.
    2. Marco Grella & Paolo Marucco & Athanasios T. Balafoutis & Paolo Balsari, 2020. "Spray Drift Generated in Vineyard during Under-Row Weed Control and Suckering: Evaluation of Direct and Indirect Drift-Reducing Techniques," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-26, June.
    3. Simone Pascuzzi & Volodymyr Bulgakov & Francesco Santoro & Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis & Semjons Ivanovs & Ivan Holovach, 2020. "A Study on the Drift of Spray Droplets Dipped in Airflows with Different Directions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-15, June.
    4. Ovidiu Ranta & Ovidiu Marian & Mircea Valentin Muntean & Adrian Molnar & Alexandru Bogdan Ghețe & Valentin Crișan & Sorin Stănilă & Tibor Rittner, 2021. "Quality Analysis of Some Spray Parameters When Performing Treatments in Vineyards in Order to Reduce Environment Pollution," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-13, July.
    5. Zhihong Zhang & Heping Zhu & Huseyin Guler, 2020. "Quantitative Analysis and Correction of Temperature Effects on Fluorescent Tracer Concentration Measurement," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-15, June.
    6. Yahui Luo & Defan Huang & Ping Jiang & Siliang Xiang & Jianfei Liu & Minzi Xu & Yixin Shi, 2023. "Design and Experimental Testing of an Overhead Rail Automatic Variable-Distance Targeted Spray System for Solar Greenhouses," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-17, September.

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