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Effect of COVID-19 on Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents and Children: A Systematic Review

Author

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  • Hadi Nobari

    (Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
    Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-7344, Iran
    HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
    Authors contributed equally to this study.)

  • Mohamad Fashi

    (Department of Biological Sciences in Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
    Authors contributed equally to this study.)

  • Arezoo Eskandari

    (Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Tehran University, Tehran 1417935840, Iran)

  • Santos Villafaina

    (Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Av. De Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain)

  • Álvaro Murillo-Garcia

    (Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Av. De Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain)

  • Jorge Pérez-Gómez

    (HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain)

Abstract

The aim of the present systematic review was to assess and provide an up-to-date analysis of the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children and adolescents. Thus, an electronic search of the literature, in two well-known databases (PubMed and Web of Science), was performed until February 2021 (without date restriction). PRISMA guideline methodology was employed and data regarding the HRQoL were extracted from eligible studies. Articles were included if they met the following inclusion criteria: (a) children and/or adolescent population (4 to 19 years old); (b) HRQoL as a main assessment; (c) German, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and English language; and (d) pre-pandemic and during pandemic HRQoL data. Following the initial search, 241 possible related articles were identified. A total of 79 articles were identified as duplicates. Moreover, 129 articles were removed after reading the title and abstract. Of the remaining 33 articles, 27 were removed since they were not focused on children or adolescents ( n = 19), articles did not report pre- and post- pandemic HRQoL values ( n = 6), articles were not focused on HRQoL ( n = 6), and one article was an editorial. Finally, six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and, therefore, were included in the systematic review. A total of 3177 children and/or adolescents during COVID-19 were included in this systematic review. Three articles showed that COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the HRQoL of children and adolescents, and another did not report comparison between pre- and during COVID-19 pandemic, although a reduction in the HRQoL can be observed. Nevertheless, two articles did not find significant changes and another one did not report p -values. Regarding sex differences, only two studies analyzed this topic, observing no differences between girls and boys in the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on HRQoL. Taking into account these results, this systematic review might confirm that COVID-19 has a negative impact on the HRQoL of children and/or adolescents.

Suggested Citation

  • Hadi Nobari & Mohamad Fashi & Arezoo Eskandari & Santos Villafaina & Álvaro Murillo-Garcia & Jorge Pérez-Gómez, 2021. "Effect of COVID-19 on Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents and Children: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-12, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:9:p:4563-:d:543335
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    10. Elodie Jeanbert & Cédric Baumann & Anja Todorović & Cyril Tarquinio & Hélène Rousseau & Stéphanie Bourion-Bédès, 2022. "Factors Associated with Discrepancy of Child-Adolescent/Parent Reported Quality of Life in the Era of COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-16, November.
    11. Santos Villafaina & Eugenio Merellano-Navarro & Juan M. García-Ceberino, 2021. "Coach’s Perception of Parent’s Attitudes in School-Age Sports," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-11, October.
    12. Azizah Alyoubi & Elizabeth J. Halstead & Zoe Zambelli & Dagmara Dimitriou, 2021. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Students’ Mental Health and Sleep in Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-16, September.
    13. María Rúa-Alonso & Jessica Rial-Vázquez & Iván Nine & Jose Ramón Lete-Lasa & Iván Clavel & Manuel A. Giráldez-García & Miguel Rodríguez-Corral & Xurxo Dopico-Calvo & Eliseo Iglesias-Soler, 2022. "Comparison of Physical Fitness Profiles Obtained before and during COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Independent Large Samples of Children and Adolescents: DAFIS Project," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-15, March.
    14. Hadi Nobari & Mohamad Fashi & Arezoo Eskandari & Jorge Pérez-Gómez & Katsuhiko Suzuki, 2021. "Potential Improvement in Rehabilitation Quality of 2019 Novel Coronavirus by Isometric Training System; Is There “Muscle-Lung Cross-Talk”?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-6, June.
    15. Michael Braksiek & Uta Lindemann & Iris Pahmeier, 2022. "Physical Activity and Stress of Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany—A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Areas," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-13, July.
    16. Adrián Mateo-Orcajada & Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal & Lucía Abenza-Cano, 2023. "Gender and academic year as moderators of the efficacy of mobile app interventions to promote physical activity in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-15, December.
    17. Tahani K. Alshammari & Aljawharah M. Alkhodair & Hanan A. Alhebshi & Aleksandra M. Rogowska & Awatif B. Albaker & Nouf T. AL-Damri & Anfal F. Bin Dayel & Asma S. Alonazi & Nouf M. Alrasheed & Musaad A, 2022. "Examining Anxiety, Sleep Quality, and Physical Activity as Predictors of Depression among University Students from Saudi Arabia during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-18, May.
    18. Małgorzata Stefańska & Reninka De Koker & Jeroen Vos & Eveline De Wachter & Agnieszka Dębiec-Bąk & Agnieszka Ptak, 2023. "Assessment of the Level of Physical Activity and Mood in Students after a Year of Study in a Mixed Mode in the Conditions of Restrictions Resulting from the Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-13, February.
    19. Guillermo Gómez-Delgado & Ernesto Almaraz-Vega & Jaime Eduardo Ramírez-Mireles & María Elena Gutiérrez-Paredes & María del Rocío Padilla-Galindo, 2022. "Health-Related Quality of Life and Depressive Symptomatology in High School Students during the Lockdown Period Due to SARS-CoV-2," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-9, July.
    20. Maja Raicevic & Aleksandar Obradovic & Mira Samardzic & Marija Raicevic & Natasa Curovic Popovic & Sanja Panic Zaric, 2022. "Quality of Life of Elementary School Students with Type 1 Diabetes in a Developing Country during the COVID Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-7, November.
    21. Michele da Silva Valadão Fernandes & Thays Martins Vital da Silva & Priscilla Rayanne e Silva Noll & Alexandre Aparecido de Almeida & Matias Noll, 2022. "Depressive Symptoms and Their Associated Factors in Vocational–Technical School Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-20, March.

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