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Burnout in Intensive Care Unit Workers during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Center Cross-Sectional Italian Study

Author

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  • Nino Stocchetti

    (Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
    Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy)

  • Giulia Segre

    (Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy)

  • Elisa R. Zanier

    (Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy)

  • Michele Zanetti

    (Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy)

  • Rita Campi

    (Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy)

  • Francesca Scarpellini

    (Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy)

  • Antonio Clavenna

    (Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy)

  • Maurizio Bonati

    (Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic had a massive impact on the Italian healthcare systems, which became overwhelmed, leading to an increased risk of psychological pressure on ICU workers. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of distress (anxiety, depression and insomnia symptoms), burnout syndrome and resilience in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to detect potential factors associated with their psychological response. This cross-sectional, survey-based study enrolled 136 healthcare workers assisting COVID-19 patients in the new COVID-19 ward (Intensive Care Unit), at Milano Fiera, Lombardy. Participants completed an online survey that comprised different validated and standardized questionnaires: Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Resilience Scale for adults (RSA), Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Socio-demographic and work characteristics were also collected. Out of 136 ICU specialists, there were 84 nurses (62%) and 52 physicians (38%). Over half (60%) met the criteria for burnout, with nearly the same percentages among nurses and physicians. Nurses reported significantly higher scores of anxiety and insomnia levels. Forty-five percent of participants reported symptoms of depression (of whom 13.9% in the clinical range) and most of the staff showed moderate to high levels (82.4%) of resilience. The COVID-19 pandemic can have a significant impact on ICU staff. Effective interventions are needed to maintain healthcare professionals’ mental health and relieve burnout. Follow-up and tailored procedures should be provided to alleviate the psychological burden in the frontline staff at highest risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Nino Stocchetti & Giulia Segre & Elisa R. Zanier & Michele Zanetti & Rita Campi & Francesca Scarpellini & Antonio Clavenna & Maurizio Bonati, 2021. "Burnout in Intensive Care Unit Workers during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Center Cross-Sectional Italian Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:6102-:d:569512
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carla Serrão & Ivone Duarte & Luísa Castro & Andreia Teixeira, 2021. "Burnout and Depression in Portuguese Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic—The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-13, January.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Thomas Volken & Annina Zysset & Simone Amendola & Agnes von Wyl & Julia Dratva & on behalf of the HES-C Research Group, 2021. "Generalized Anxiety among Swiss Health Professions and Non-Health Professions Students: An Open Cohort Study over 14 Months in the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-14, October.
    3. Teh-Kuang Sun & Li-Chuan Chu & Chun Hui, 2022. "The Psychological Impact and Influencing Factors during Different Waves of COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers in Central Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-11, August.
    4. Mariela Loreto Lara-Cabrera & Moisés Betancort & C. Amparo Muñoz-Rubilar & Natalia Rodríguez Novo & Carlos De las Cuevas, 2021. "The Mediating Role of Resilience in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-10, September.
    5. Izabela Wojtasz & Szczepan Cofta & Paweł Czudaj & Krystyna Jaracz & Radosław Kaźmierski, 2022. "Effect of Face Masks on Blood Saturation, Heart Rate, and Well-Being Indicators in Health Care Providers Working in Specialized COVID-19 Center," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-9, January.
    6. Edyta Janus & Raquel Cantero Téllez & Katarzyna Filar-Mierzwa & Paulina Aleksander-Szymanowicz & Aneta Bac, 2023. "Psychosocial and Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic Experienced by Staff Employed in Social Welfare Facilities in Poland and Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-9, February.
    7. Rosa María Diaz Vizcaya & María José Rodríguez Rivas & Helia Mariño Méndez & María Teresa Alvés Pérez & José López Castro, 2023. "Euro-Burn I: Assessment of burnout syndrome in health workers in a mediterranean country during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 69(7), pages 1682-1692, November.
    8. Maddalena Gambirasio & Demetrio Magatti & Valentina Barbetta & Silvia Brena & Giordano Lizzola & Chiara Pandolfini & Francesca Sommariva & Anna Zamperoni & Stefano Finazzi & Silvia Ivaldi, 2023. "Organizational Learning in Healthcare Contexts after COVID-19: A Study of 10 Intensive Care Units in Central and Northern Italy through Framework Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(17), pages 1-19, September.

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