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SARS/MERS/SARS-CoV-2 Outbreaks and Burnout Syndrome among Healthcare Workers. An Umbrella Systematic Review

Author

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  • Nicola Magnavita

    (Post-Graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
    Department of Woman/Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy)

  • Francesco Chirico

    (Post-Graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
    Health Service Department, State Police, Ministry of Interior, 20125 Milan, Italy)

  • Sergio Garbarino

    (Post-Graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
    Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Mother and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy)

  • Nicola Luigi Bragazzi

    (Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada)

  • Emiliano Santacroce

    (Post-Graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
    Workplace Prevention and Safety Service, Local Sanitary Unit Roma 5, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio, Italy)

  • Salvatore Zaffina

    (Occupational Health Unit, Medical Direction, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is putting a severe strain on all healthcare systems. Several occupational risk factors are challenging healthcare workers (HCWs) who are at high risk of mental health outcomes, including Burnout Syndrome (BOS). BOS is a psychological syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment. An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses concerning BOS and coronavirus (SARS/MERS/SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks was carried out on PubMed Central/Medline, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, and Epistemonikos databases. Data relating to COVID-19 is insufficient, but in previous SARS and MERS outbreaks about one-third of HCWs manifested BOS. This prevalence rate is similar to the figure recorded in some categories of HCWs exposed to chronic occupational stress and poor work organization during non-epidemic periods. Inadequate organization and worsening working conditions during an epidemic appear to be the most likely causes of BOS. Preventive care and workplace health promotion programs could be useful for protecting healthcare workers during pandemics, as well as during regular health activities.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicola Magnavita & Francesco Chirico & Sergio Garbarino & Nicola Luigi Bragazzi & Emiliano Santacroce & Salvatore Zaffina, 2021. "SARS/MERS/SARS-CoV-2 Outbreaks and Burnout Syndrome among Healthcare Workers. An Umbrella Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:8:p:4361-:d:539579
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nicola Magnavita & Paolo Maurizio Soave & Walter Ricciardi & Massimo Antonelli, 2020. "Occupational Stress and Mental Health among Anesthetists during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Nicola Magnavita & Giovanni Tripepi & Reparata Rosa Di Prinzio, 2020. "Symptoms in Health Care Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic. A Cross-Sectional Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-15, July.
    3. Jose Luis Gómez-Urquiza & Luis Albendín-García & Almudena Velando-Soriano & Elena Ortega-Campos & Lucía Ramírez-Baena & María Jose Membrive-Jiménez & Nora Suleiman-Martos, 2020. "Burnout in Palliative Care Nurses, Prevalence and Risk Factors: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-13, October.
    4. Carla Serrão & Ivone Duarte & Luísa Castro & Andreia Teixeira, 2021. "Burnout and Depression in Portuguese Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic—The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-13, January.
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    Cited by:

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    11. Nicola Magnavita & Paolo Maurizio Soave & Massimo Antonelli, 2021. "Prolonged Stress Causes Depression in Frontline Workers Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study in a COVID-19 Hub-Hospital in Central Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-13, July.
    12. Silvana Maselli & Antonio del Casale & Elena Paoli & Maurizio Pompili & Sergio Garbarino, 2022. "Suicide Trends in the Italian State Police during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Comparison with the Pre-Pandemic Period," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-10, May.
    13. Maria Rosaria Gualano & Tiziana Sinigaglia & Giuseppina Lo Moro & Stefano Rousset & Agnese Cremona & Fabrizio Bert & Roberta Siliquini, 2021. "The Burden of Burnout among Healthcare Professionals of Intensive Care Units and Emergency Departments during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-17, August.
    14. Ekaterina A. Shashina & Valentina V. Makarova & Denis V. Shcherbakov & Tatiana S. Isiutina-Fedotkova & Nadezhda N. Zabroda & Nina A. Ermakova & Anton Yu. Skopin & Oleg V. Mitrokhin, 2021. "Use of Respiratory Protection Devices by Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-12, May.
    15. Romana Ulbrichtova & Viera Svihrova & Maria Tatarkova & Jan Svihra & Martin Novak & Henrieta Hudeckova, 2022. "Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Units in University Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-9, October.
    16. Edlaine Faria de Moura Villela & Izadora Rodrigues da Cunha & Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo & Michael Obimpeh & Robert Colebunders & Stijn Van Hees, 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers in Brazil between August and November 2020: A Cross-Sectional Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-12, June.
    17. Smriti Nepal & Sandra Bailey & Jamie Newman & Lachlan Wright & Natalie Smith & Michelle Dickson & Anna Williamson, 2023. "Social and Emotional Wellbeing of Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services Staff during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(12), pages 1-8, June.
    18. Nicola Magnavita & Paolo Maurizio Soave & Massimo Antonelli, 2021. "A One-Year Prospective Study of Work-Related Mental Health in the Intensivists of a COVID-19 Hub Hospital," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-12, September.
    19. Xiuyu Chen & Longjun Jing & Huilin Wang & Jingyu Yang, 2022. "How Medical Staff Alleviates Job Burnout through Sports Involvement: The Mediating Roles of Health Anxiety and Self-Efficacy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-12, September.
    20. Murat Yıldırım & Ömer Kaynar & Francesco Chirico & Nicola Magnavita, 2023. "Resilience and Extrinsic Motivation as Mediators in the Relationship between Fear of Failure and Burnout," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-12, May.

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