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The Mediating Role of Gender, Age, COVID-19 Symptoms and Changing of Mansion on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers Operating in Italy during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

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  • Eleonora Gambaro

    (Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
    Psychiatry Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy)

  • Carla Gramaglia

    (Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
    Psychiatry Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy)

  • Debora Marangon

    (Psychiatry Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy)

  • Danila Azzolina

    (Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy)

  • Manuela Probo

    (Department of Mental Health, ASL NOVARA, 28100 Novara, Italy)

  • Marco Rudoni

    (Department of Mental Health, ASL NOVARA, 28100 Novara, Italy)

  • Patrizia Zeppegno

    (Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
    Psychiatry Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has tested the performance of hospitals and intensive care units around the world. Health care workers (HCWs) have been used to developmental symptoms, but this was especially true during the COVID-19 pandemic when HCWs have been faced with many other sources of stress and anxiety that can usually be avoided. Moreover, long-term shifts and unprecedented population restrictions have weakened people’s ability to cope with stress. The research aims to observe the dynamic interplay between burnout, depression, distress, and anxiety in HCWs working in various settings, with specific a focus on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a diminished sense of personal achievement in mediating a worse mental health status during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. We performed a mediation analysis, which resulted in a strong correlation among depression, psychological distress, health perception and anxiety, and the impact of job burnout on anxiety, depression, and distress. Gender seemed to have a strong correlation with burnout, anxiety, and distress; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Quality of Life seemed to affect anxiety and depression; the possible changes in job tasks and duties (intended as a change in work area or location and role change)influenced depression and job burnout. Encouraging supportive and educational strategies would be recommended to policymakers.

Suggested Citation

  • Eleonora Gambaro & Carla Gramaglia & Debora Marangon & Danila Azzolina & Manuela Probo & Marco Rudoni & Patrizia Zeppegno, 2021. "The Mediating Role of Gender, Age, COVID-19 Symptoms and Changing of Mansion on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers Operating in Italy during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:24:p:13083-:d:700234
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rosseel, Yves, 2012. "lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 48(i02).
    2. Luca A Morgantini & Ushasi Naha & Heng Wang & Simone Francavilla & Ömer Acar & Jose M Flores & Simone Crivellaro & Daniel Moreira & Michael Abern & Martin Eklund & Hari T Vigneswaran & Stevan M Weine, 2020. "Factors contributing to healthcare professional burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid turnaround global survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(9), pages 1-11, September.
    3. Carla Serrão & Ivone Duarte & Luísa Castro & Andreia Teixeira, 2021. "Burnout and Depression in Portuguese Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic—The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-13, January.
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    1. Ginevra Malta & Luigi Cirrincione & Fulvio Plescia & Marcello Campagna & Claudia Montagnini & Emanuele Cannizzaro, 2022. "Long-Term COVID: Case Report and Methodological Proposals for Return to Work," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-16, July.
    2. Ngqabutho Moyo & Anita D. Bhappu & Moment Bhebhe & Farai Ncube, 2022. "Perceived Risk of COVID-19 and Employee Decision-Making: How Psychological Distress during the Pandemic Increases Negative Performance Outcomes among Healthcare Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-16, June.

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