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Influence of Second-Hand Smoke and Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Biomarkers, Genetics and Physiological Processes in Children—An Overview in Research Insights of the Last Few Years

Author

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  • Markus Braun

    (Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany)

  • Doris Klingelhöfer

    (Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany)

  • Gerhard M. Oremek

    (Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany)

  • David Quarcoo

    (Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany)

  • David A. Groneberg

    (Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany)

Abstract

Children are commonly exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) in the domestic environment or inside vehicles of smokers. Unfortunately, prenatal tobacco smoke (PTS) exposure is still common, too. SHS is hazardous to the health of smokers and non-smokers, but especially to that of children. SHS and PTS increase the risk for children to develop cancers and can trigger or worsen asthma and allergies, modulate the immune status, and is harmful to lung, heart and blood vessels. Smoking during pregnancy can cause pregnancy complications and poor birth outcomes as well as changes in the development of the foetus. Lately, some of the molecular and genetic mechanisms that cause adverse health effects in children have been identified. In this review, some of the current insights are discussed. In this regard, it has been found in children that SHS and PTS exposure is associated with changes in levels of enzymes, hormones, and expression of genes, micro RNAs, and proteins. PTS and SHS exposure are major elicitors of mechanisms of oxidative stress. Genetic predisposition can compound the health effects of PTS and SHS exposure. Epigenetic effects might influence in utero gene expression and disease susceptibility. Hence, the limitation of domestic and public exposure to SHS as well as PTS exposure has to be in the focus of policymakers and the public in order to save the health of children at an early age. Global substantial smoke-free policies, health communication campaigns, and behavioural interventions are useful and should be mandatory.

Suggested Citation

  • Markus Braun & Doris Klingelhöfer & Gerhard M. Oremek & David Quarcoo & David A. Groneberg, 2020. "Influence of Second-Hand Smoke and Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Biomarkers, Genetics and Physiological Processes in Children—An Overview in Research Insights of the Last Few Years," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-25, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:9:p:3212-:d:354238
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Karina Jansone & Anna Eichler & Peter A. Fasching & Johannes Kornhuber & Anna Kaiser & Sabina Millenet & Tobias Banaschewski & Frauke Nees & on behalf of the IMAC-Mind Consortium, 2023. "Association of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy with Neurophysiological and ADHD-Related Outcomes in School-Aged Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-14, March.
    3. Yuki Sagawa & Takuya Ogawa & Yusuke Matsuyama & Junka Nakagawa Kang & Miyu Yoshizawa Araki & Yuko Unnai Yasuda & Tsasan Tumurkhuu & Ganjargal Ganburged & Amarsaikhan Bazar & Toshihiro Tanaka & Takeo F, 2021. "Association between Smoking during Pregnancy and Short Root Anomaly in Offspring," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-11, November.
    4. Sharanpreet Kaur & Paula Morales-Hidalgo & Victoria Arija & Josefa Canals, 2023. "Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollutants and Attentional Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Development in Children: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(8), pages 1-21, April.
    5. Vivian Tieu & Samuel MacDowell & Sedra Tibi & Bradley Ventayen & Mukesh Agarwal, 2024. "Identifying Populations at Risk for Lung Cancer Mortality from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001–2018) Using the 2021 USPSTF Screening Guidelines," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(6), pages 1-13, June.

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