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Air Pollution and Aeroallergens as Possible Triggers in Preterm Birth Delivery

Author

Listed:
  • Enrico Cocchi

    (Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
    Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
    Pediatric Residency School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Valeria Bellisario

    (Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
    Biostatistics Residency School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Francesco Cresi

    (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant’Anna Obstetric Gynecological Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy)

  • Claudio Plazzotta

    (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant’Anna Obstetric Gynecological Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy)

  • Claudio Cassardo

    (Physics Department, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy)

  • Consolata Siniscalco

    (Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy)

  • Licia Peruzzi

    (Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Roberto Bono

    (Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Preterm birth (PTB) identifies infants prematurely born <37 weeks/gestation and is one of the main causes of infant mortality. PTB has been linked to air pollution exposure, but its timing is still unclear and neglects the acute nature of delivery and its association with short-term effects. We analyzed 3 years of birth data (2015–2017) in Turin (Italy) and the relationships with proinflammatory chemicals (PM2.5, O 3 , and NO 2 ) and biological (aeroallergens) pollutants on PTB vs. at-term birth, in the narrow window of a week before delivery. A tailored non-stationary Poisson model correcting for seasonality and possible confounding variables was applied. Relative risk associated with each pollutant was assessed at any time lag between 0 and 7 days prior to delivery. PTB risk was significantly associated with increased levels of both chemical (PM2.5, RR = 1.023 (1.003–1.043), O 3 , 1.025 (1.001–1.048)) and biological (aeroallergens, RR ~ 1.01 (1.0002–1.016)) pollutants in the week prior to delivery. None of these, except for NO 2 (RR = 1.01 (1.002–1.021)), appeared to play any role on at-term delivery. Pollutant-induced acute inflammation eliciting delivery in at-risk pregnancies may represent the pathophysiological link between air pollution and PTB, as testified by the different effects played on PTB revealed. Further studies are needed to better elucidate a possible exposure threshold to prevent PTB.

Suggested Citation

  • Enrico Cocchi & Valeria Bellisario & Francesco Cresi & Claudio Plazzotta & Claudio Cassardo & Consolata Siniscalco & Licia Peruzzi & Roberto Bono, 2023. "Air Pollution and Aeroallergens as Possible Triggers in Preterm Birth Delivery," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:2:p:1610-:d:1037252
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pauline Mendola & Carrie Nobles & Andrew Williams & Seth Sherman & Jenna Kanner & Indulaxmi Seeni & Katherine Grantz, 2019. "Air Pollution and Preterm Birth: Do Air Pollution Changes over Time Influence Risk in Consecutive Pregnancies among Low-Risk Women?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-9, September.
    2. Giulia Squillacioti & Valeria Bellisario & Stefano Levra & Pavilio Piccioni & Roberto Bono, 2019. "Greenness Availability and Respiratory Health in a Population of Urbanised Children in North-Western Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Roger D. Peng & Francesca Dominici & Thomas A. Louis, 2006. "Model choice in time series studies of air pollution and mortality," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 169(2), pages 179-203, March.
    4. Giulia Squillacioti & Valeria Bellisario & Elena Grignani & Giulio Mengozzi & Giulia Bardaglio & Paola Dalmasso & Roberto Bono, 2019. "The Asti Study: The Induction of Oxidative Stress in A Population of Children According to Their Body Composition and Passive Tobacco Smoking Exposure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-11, February.
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