IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i7p2515-d782501.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An Experimental Study on Thermal Performance of Graphite-Based Phase-Change Materials for High-Power Batteries

Author

Listed:
  • Danial Karimi

    (Research Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
    Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium)

  • Hamidreza Behi

    (Research Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
    Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium)

  • Joeri Van Mierlo

    (Research Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
    Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium)

  • Maitane Berecibar

    (Research Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium)

Abstract

High-power lithium-ion capacitors (LiC) are hybrid energy storage systems (EES) with the combined benefits of lithium-ion batteries (LiB) and supercapacitors, such as high specific energy, high specific power, and a long lifetime. Such advanced technology can be used in high-power applications when high charging and discharging are demanded. Nevertheless, their performance and lifetime highly depend on temperature. In this context, this paper presents an optimal passive thermal management system (TMS) employing phase-change materials (PCM) combined with graphite to maintain the LiC maximum temperature. To evaluate the thermal response of the PCM and the PCM/G, experimental tests have been performed. The results exhibit that when the cell is under natural convection, the maximum temperature exceeds 55 °C, which is very harmful for the cell’s lifetime. Using the pure paraffin PCM, the maximum temperature of the LiC was reduced from 55.3 °C to 40.2 °C, which shows a 27.3% temperature reduction compared to natural convection. Using the PCM/G composite, the maximum temperature was reduced from 55.3 °C (natural convection) to 38.5 °C, a 30.4% temperature reduction compared to natural convection. The main reason for this temperature reduction is the PCM’s high latent heat fusion, as well as the graphite thermal conductivity. Moreover, different PCM/G thicknesses were investigated for which the maximum temperature of the LiC reached 38.02 °C, 38.57 °C, 41.18 °C, 43.61 °C, and 46.98 °C for the thicknesses of 15 mm, 10 mm, 7 mm, 5 mm, and 2 mm, respectively. In this context, a thickness of 10 mm is the optimum thickness to reduce the cost, weight, volume, and temperature.

Suggested Citation

  • Danial Karimi & Hamidreza Behi & Joeri Van Mierlo & Maitane Berecibar, 2022. "An Experimental Study on Thermal Performance of Graphite-Based Phase-Change Materials for High-Power Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:7:p:2515-:d:782501
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/7/2515/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/7/2515/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Danial Karimi & Hamidreza Behi & Mohsen Akbarzadeh & Joeri Van Mierlo & Maitane Berecibar, 2021. "Holistic 1D Electro-Thermal Model Coupled to 3D Thermal Model for Hybrid Passive Cooling System Analysis in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-20, September.
    2. Samimi, Fereshteh & Babapoor, Aziz & Azizi, Mohammadmehdi & Karimi, Gholamreza, 2016. "Thermal management analysis of a Li-ion battery cell using phase change material loaded with carbon fibers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 355-371.
    3. Hamidreza Behi & Danial Karimi & Rekabra Youssef & Mahesh Suresh Patil & Joeri Van Mierlo & Maitane Berecibar, 2021. "Comprehensive Passive Thermal Management Systems for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-15, June.
    4. Hamidreza Behi & Mohammadreza Behi & Ali Ghanbarpour & Danial Karimi & Aryan Azad & Morteza Ghanbarpour & Masud Behnia, 2021. "Enhancement of the Thermal Energy Storage Using Heat-Pipe-Assisted Phase Change Material," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, September.
    5. Safdari, Mojtaba & Ahmadi, Rouhollah & Sadeghzadeh, Sadegh, 2020. "Numerical investigation on PCM encapsulation shape used in the passive-active battery thermal management," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    6. Khaleghi, Sahar & Hosen, Md Sazzad & Karimi, Danial & Behi, Hamidreza & Beheshti, S. Hamidreza & Van Mierlo, Joeri & Berecibar, Maitane, 2022. "Developing an online data-driven approach for prognostics and health management of lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    7. Seham Shahid & Martin Agelin-Chaab, 2017. "Analysis of Cooling Effectiveness and Temperature Uniformity in a Battery Pack for Cylindrical Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-17, August.
    8. Behi, Hamidreza & Karimi, Danial & Jaguemont, Joris & Gandoman, Foad Heidari & Kalogiannis, Theodoros & Berecibar, Maitane & Van Mierlo, Joeri, 2021. "Novel thermal management methods to improve the performance of the Li-ion batteries in high discharge current applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    9. Hamidreza Behi & Theodoros Kalogiannis & Mahesh Suresh Patil & Joeri Van Mierlo & Maitane Berecibar, 2021. "A New Concept of Air Cooling and Heat Pipe for Electric Vehicles in Fast Discharging," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-15, October.
    10. Danial Karimi & Sahar Khaleghi & Hamidreza Behi & Hamidreza Beheshti & Md Sazzad Hosen & Mohsen Akbarzadeh & Joeri Van Mierlo & Maitane Berecibar, 2021. "Lithium-Ion Capacitor Lifetime Extension through an Optimal Thermal Management System for Smart Grid Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-14, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Karimi, Danial & Behi, Hamidreza & Berecibar, Maitane & Van Mierlo, Joeri, 2023. "A comprehensive coupled 0D-ECM to 3D-CFD thermal model for heat pipe assisted-air cooling thermal management system under fast charge and discharge," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hamidreza Behi & Theodoros Kalogiannis & Mahesh Suresh Patil & Joeri Van Mierlo & Maitane Berecibar, 2021. "A New Concept of Air Cooling and Heat Pipe for Electric Vehicles in Fast Discharging," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-15, October.
    2. Hamidreza Behi & Mohammadreza Behi & Ali Ghanbarpour & Danial Karimi & Aryan Azad & Morteza Ghanbarpour & Masud Behnia, 2021. "Enhancement of the Thermal Energy Storage Using Heat-Pipe-Assisted Phase Change Material," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, September.
    3. Danial Karimi & Hamidreza Behi & Mohsen Akbarzadeh & Joeri Van Mierlo & Maitane Berecibar, 2021. "A Novel Air-Cooled Thermal Management Approach towards High-Power Lithium-Ion Capacitor Module for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-20, November.
    4. Fan, Zhaohui & Gao, Renjing & Liu, Shutian, 2022. "Thermal conductivity enhancement and thermal saturation elimination designs of battery thermal management system for phase change materials based on triply periodic minimal surface," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    5. Hamidreza Behi & Danial Karimi & Rekabra Youssef & Mahesh Suresh Patil & Joeri Van Mierlo & Maitane Berecibar, 2021. "Comprehensive Passive Thermal Management Systems for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-15, June.
    6. Grzegorz Karoń, 2022. "Safe and Effective Smart Urban Transportation—Energy Flow in Electric (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-8, September.
    7. Danial Karimi & Hamidreza Behi & Mohsen Akbarzadeh & Joeri Van Mierlo & Maitane Berecibar, 2021. "Holistic 1D Electro-Thermal Model Coupled to 3D Thermal Model for Hybrid Passive Cooling System Analysis in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-20, September.
    8. Hongzhe Zhang & Fang Ye & Hang Guo & Xiaoke Yan, 2021. "Sodium-Potassium Alloy Heat Pipe under Geyser Boiling Experimental Study: Heat Transfer Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-15, November.
    9. Karimi, Danial & Behi, Hamidreza & Berecibar, Maitane & Van Mierlo, Joeri, 2023. "A comprehensive coupled 0D-ECM to 3D-CFD thermal model for heat pipe assisted-air cooling thermal management system under fast charge and discharge," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    10. Xingxing Wang & Shengren Liu & Yujie Zhang & Shuaishuai Lv & Hongjun Ni & Yelin Deng & Yinnan Yuan, 2022. "A Review of the Power Battery Thermal Management System with Different Cooling, Heating and Coupling System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-29, March.
    11. Khaleghi, Sahar & Hosen, Md Sazzad & Van Mierlo, Joeri & Berecibar, Maitane, 2024. "Towards machine-learning driven prognostics and health management of Li-ion batteries. A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    12. Mohammed, Abubakar Gambo & Elfeky, Karem Elsayed & Wang, Qiuwang, 2022. "Recent advancement and enhanced battery performance using phase change materials based hybrid battery thermal management for electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    13. Jiang, Z.Y. & Qu, Z.G., 2019. "Lithium–ion battery thermal management using heat pipe and phase change material during discharge–charge cycle: A comprehensive numerical study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 378-392.
    14. Harasis, Salman & Khan, Irfan & Massoud, Ahmed, 2024. "Enabling large-scale integration of electric bus fleets in harsh environments: Possibilities, potentials, and challenges," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    15. Zhou, Zhizuan & Wang, Dong & Peng, Yang & Li, Maoyu & Wang, Boxuan & Cao, Bei & Yang, Lizhong, 2022. "Experimental study on the thermal management performance of phase change material module for the large format prismatic lithium-ion battery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PC).
    16. Dai, Houde & Wang, Jiaxin & Huang, Yiyang & Lai, Yuan & Zhu, Liqi, 2024. "Lightweight state-of-health estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on statistical feature optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    17. Lalan K. Singh & Anoop K. Gupta, 2023. "Hybrid cooling-based lithium-ion battery thermal management for electric vehicles," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(4), pages 3627-3648, April.
    18. Wei, Yupeng & Wu, Dazhong, 2023. "Prediction of state of health and remaining useful life of lithium-ion battery using graph convolutional network with dual attention mechanisms," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    19. Lai, Xin & Yao, Yi & Tang, Xiaopeng & Zheng, Yuejiu & Zhou, Yuanqiang & Sun, Yuedong & Gao, Furong, 2023. "Voltage profile reconstruction and state of health estimation for lithium-ion batteries under dynamic working conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    20. Rahimi, Elnaz & Babapoor, Aziz & Moradi, Gholamreza & Kalantari, Saba & Monazzam Esmaeelpour, Mohammadreza, 2024. "Personal cooling garments and phase change materials: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 190(PB).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:7:p:2515-:d:782501. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.