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Comprehensive Passive Thermal Management Systems for Electric Vehicles

Author

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  • Hamidreza Behi

    (Research Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
    Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium)

  • Danial Karimi

    (Research Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
    Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium)

  • Rekabra Youssef

    (Research Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
    Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium)

  • Mahesh Suresh Patil

    (Research Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
    Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium)

  • Joeri Van Mierlo

    (Research Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium)

  • Maitane Berecibar

    (Research Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium)

Abstract

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have emerged as a promising energy source for electric vehicle (EV) applications owing to the solution offered by their high power, high specific energy, no memory effect, and their excellent durability. However, they generate a large amount of heat, particularly during the fast discharge process. Therefore, a suitable thermal management system (TMS) is necessary to guarantee their performance, efficiency, capacity, safety, and lifetime. This study investigates the thermal performance of different passive cooling systems for the LTO Li-ion battery cell/module with the application of natural convection, aluminum (Al) mesh, copper (Cu) mesh, phase change material (PCM), and PCM-graphite. Experimental results show the average temperature of the cell, due to natural convection, Al mesh, Cu mesh, PCM, and PCM-graphite compared with the lack of natural convection decrease by 6.4%, 7.4%, 8.8%, 30%, and 39.3%, respectively. In addition, some numerical simulations and investigations are solved by COMSOL Multiphysics ® , for the battery module consisting of 30 cells, which is cooled by PCM and PCM-graphite. The maximum temperature of the battery module compared with the natural convection case study is reduced by 15.1% and 17.3%, respectively. Moreover, increasing the cell spacing in the battery module has a direct effect on temperature reduction.

Suggested Citation

  • Hamidreza Behi & Danial Karimi & Rekabra Youssef & Mahesh Suresh Patil & Joeri Van Mierlo & Maitane Berecibar, 2021. "Comprehensive Passive Thermal Management Systems for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:13:p:3881-:d:583697
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    6. Samimi, Fereshteh & Babapoor, Aziz & Azizi, Mohammadmehdi & Karimi, Gholamreza, 2016. "Thermal management analysis of a Li-ion battery cell using phase change material loaded with carbon fibers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 355-371.
    7. Feng, Xuning & Zheng, Siqi & Ren, Dongsheng & He, Xiangming & Wang, Li & Cui, Hao & Liu, Xiang & Jin, Changyong & Zhang, Fangshu & Xu, Chengshan & Hsu, Hungjen & Gao, Shang & Chen, Tianyu & Li, Yalun , 2019. "Investigating the thermal runaway mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries based on thermal analysis database," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C), pages 53-64.
    8. Behi, Hamidreza & Karimi, Danial & Jaguemont, Joris & Gandoman, Foad Heidari & Kalogiannis, Theodoros & Berecibar, Maitane & Van Mierlo, Joeri, 2021. "Novel thermal management methods to improve the performance of the Li-ion batteries in high discharge current applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    9. Danial Karimi & Sahar Khaleghi & Hamidreza Behi & Hamidreza Beheshti & Md Sazzad Hosen & Mohsen Akbarzadeh & Joeri Van Mierlo & Maitane Berecibar, 2021. "Lithium-Ion Capacitor Lifetime Extension through an Optimal Thermal Management System for Smart Grid Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-14, May.
    10. Khaleghi, Sahar & Karimi, Danial & Beheshti, S. Hamidreza & Hosen, Md. Sazzad & Behi, Hamidreza & Berecibar, Maitane & Van Mierlo, Joeri, 2021. "Online health diagnosis of lithium-ion batteries based on nonlinear autoregressive neural network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
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    Cited by:

    1. Danial Karimi & Hamidreza Behi & Mohsen Akbarzadeh & Joeri Van Mierlo & Maitane Berecibar, 2021. "Holistic 1D Electro-Thermal Model Coupled to 3D Thermal Model for Hybrid Passive Cooling System Analysis in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-20, September.
    2. Grzegorz Karoń, 2022. "Safe and Effective Smart Urban Transportation—Energy Flow in Electric (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-8, September.
    3. Hamidreza Behi & Mohammadreza Behi & Ali Ghanbarpour & Danial Karimi & Aryan Azad & Morteza Ghanbarpour & Masud Behnia, 2021. "Enhancement of the Thermal Energy Storage Using Heat-Pipe-Assisted Phase Change Material," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, September.
    4. Danial Karimi & Hamidreza Behi & Mohsen Akbarzadeh & Joeri Van Mierlo & Maitane Berecibar, 2021. "A Novel Air-Cooled Thermal Management Approach towards High-Power Lithium-Ion Capacitor Module for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-20, November.
    5. Xiaoping Li & Junming Zhou & Wei Guan & Feng Jiang & Guangming Xie & Chunfeng Wang & Weiguang Zheng & Zhijie Fang, 2023. "Optimization of Brake Feedback Efficiency for Small Pure Electric Vehicles Based on Multiple Constraints," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-20, September.
    6. Bogdan Diaconu & Mihai Cruceru & Lucica Anghelescu & Cristinel Racoceanu & Cristinel Popescu & Marian Ionescu & Adriana Tudorache, 2023. "Latent Heat Storage Systems for Thermal Management of Electric Vehicle Batteries: Thermal Performance Enhancement and Modulation of the Phase Transition Process Dynamics: A Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-46, March.
    7. Hamidreza Behi & Theodoros Kalogiannis & Mahesh Suresh Patil & Joeri Van Mierlo & Maitane Berecibar, 2021. "A New Concept of Air Cooling and Heat Pipe for Electric Vehicles in Fast Discharging," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-15, October.
    8. Danial Karimi & Hamidreza Behi & Joeri Van Mierlo & Maitane Berecibar, 2022. "An Experimental Study on Thermal Performance of Graphite-Based Phase-Change Materials for High-Power Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-13, March.

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