IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i22p7524-d676702.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Studies on Energy Consumption of Electric Light Commercial Vehicle Powered by In-Wheel Drive Modules

Author

Listed:
  • Piotr Szewczyk

    (WB GROUP, Zakład Automatyki i Urządzeń Pomiarowych AREX Sp. z o.o., Hutnicza St. 3, 81-212 Gdynia, Poland)

  • Andrzej Łebkowski

    (Department of Ship Automation, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska St. 83, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland)

Abstract

This article presents the results of energy consumption research for an electric light commercial vehicle (eLCV) powered by a centrally located motor (4 × 2 drive system) or motors placed in the vehicle’s wheels (4 × 4 drive system). For the considered constructions of electric drive systems, mathematical models of 4 × 2 and 4 × 4 drive systems were developed in the Modelica simulation environment, based on real data. Additionally, the influence of changes in the vehicle loading condition on the operation of the motor mounted in the wheel and the energy consumption of the drive module was investigated. On the basis of the conducted research, a comparative analysis of energy consumption by electric drive systems in 4 × 2 and 4 × 4 configurations was carried out for selected test cycles. The tests carried out with the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycles (WLTC) test cycle showed a roughly 6% lower energy consumption by the 4 × 4 drive system compared to the 4 × 2 configuration.

Suggested Citation

  • Piotr Szewczyk & Andrzej Łebkowski, 2021. "Studies on Energy Consumption of Electric Light Commercial Vehicle Powered by In-Wheel Drive Modules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-28, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:22:p:7524-:d:676702
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7524/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7524/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Piotr Dukalski & Roman Krok, 2021. "Selected Aspects of Decreasing Weight of Motor Dedicated to Wheel Hub Assembly by Increasing Number of Magnetic Poles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-27, February.
    2. Tomasz Neumann, 2021. "The Impact of Carsharing on Transport in the City. Case Study of Tri-City in Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-24, January.
    3. Mingchun Liu & Feihong Gu & Yuanzhi Zhang, 2017. "Ride Comfort Optimization of In-Wheel-Motor Electric Vehicles with In-Wheel Vibration Absorbers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-21, October.
    4. Mostefa Mohamed-Seghir & Abdelbasset Krama & Shady S. Refaat & Mohamed Trabelsi & Haitham Abu-Rub, 2020. "Artificial Intelligence-Based Weighting Factor Autotuning for Model Predictive Control of Grid-Tied Packed U-Cell Inverter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-14, June.
    5. Ngoc-Tan Hoang & Hong-Sen Yan, 2018. "On the Design of In-Wheel-Hub Motor Transmission Systems with Six-Link Mechanisms for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, October.
    6. Stefano De Pinto & Pablo Camocardi & Christoforos Chatzikomis & Aldo Sorniotti & Francesco Bottiglione & Giacomo Mantriota & Pietro Perlo, 2020. "On the Comparison of 2- and 4-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicle Layouts with Central Motors and Single- and 2-Speed Transmission Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-24, June.
    7. Peng Gao & Yuxi Gu & Xiaoyuan Wang, 2018. "The Design of a Permanent Magnet In-Wheel Motor with Dual-Stator and Dual-Field-Excitation Used in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-13, February.
    8. Fatma Keskin Arabul & Ibrahim Senol & Yasemin Oner, 2020. "Performance Analysis of Axial-Flux Induction Motor with Skewed Rotor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-15, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Piotr Dukalski & Jan Mikoś & Roman Krok, 2022. "Analysis of the Simulation of the Operation of a Wheel Hub Motor Mounted in a Hybrid Drive of a Delivery Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-39, November.
    2. Gobbi, Massimiliano & Sattar, Aqeab & Palazzetti, Roberto & Mastinu, Gianpiero, 2024. "Traction motors for electric vehicles: Maximization of mechanical efficiency – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 357(C).
    3. Piotr Dukalski & Bartłomiej Będkowski & Krzysztof Parczewski & Henryk Wnęk & Andrzej Urbaś & Krzysztof Augustynek, 2021. "Analysis of the Influence of Motors Installed in Passenger Car Wheels on the Torsion Beam of the Rear Axle Suspension," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-20, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Piotr Szewczyk & Andrzej Łebkowski, 2022. "Comparative Studies on Batteries for the Electrochemical Energy Storage in the Delivery Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-28, December.
    2. Piotr Dukalski & Jan Mikoś & Roman Krok, 2022. "Analysis of the Simulation of the Operation of a Wheel Hub Motor Mounted in a Hybrid Drive of a Delivery Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-39, November.
    3. Rufei Hou & Li Zhai & Tianmin Sun, 2018. "Steering Stability Control for a Four Hub-Motor Independent-Drive Electric Vehicle with Varying Adhesion Coefficient," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-17, September.
    4. Andrzej Łebkowski, 2018. "Design, Analysis of the Location and Materials of Neodymium Magnets on the Torque and Power of In-Wheel External Rotor PMSM for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-23, August.
    5. Andrzej Łebkowski & Wojciech Koznowski, 2020. "Analysis of the Use of Electric and Hybrid Drives on SWATH Ships," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-26, December.
    6. João Pedro F. Trovão & Minh Cao Ta, 2022. "Electric Vehicle Efficient Power and Propulsion Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-4, May.
    7. Yu Yang & Chao Wang & Shujun Yang & Xianzhi Tang, 2022. "Study on Top Hierarchy Control Strategy of AEBS over Regenerative Brake and Hydraulic Brake for Hub Motor Drive BEVs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-17, November.
    8. Piotr Dukalski & Roman Krok, 2021. "Selected Aspects of Decreasing Weight of Motor Dedicated to Wheel Hub Assembly by Increasing Number of Magnetic Poles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-27, February.
    9. Ting Yang & Takahiro Kawaguchi & Seiji Hashimoto & Wei Jiang, 2020. "Switching Sequence Model Predictive Direct Torque Control of IPMSMs for EVs in Switch Open-Circuit Fault-Tolerant Mode," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-15, October.
    10. Adrian Mlot & Juan González, 2020. "Performance Assessment of Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Motors from a Manual Manufacturing Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-15, April.
    11. Vladimir Prakht & Mohamed N. Ibrahim & Vadim Kazakbaev, 2023. "Energy Efficiency Improvement of Electric Machines without Rare-Earth Magnets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-3, April.
    12. Rui Xiong & Suleiman M. Sharkh & Xi Zhang, 2018. "Research Progress on Electric and Intelligent Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-5, July.
    13. Gao, Bingzhao & Meng, Dele & Shi, Wentong & Cai, Wenqi & Dong, Shiying & Zhang, Yuanjian & Chen, Hong, 2022. "Topology optimization and the evolution trends of two-speed transmission of EVs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    14. Wei Chen & Jiaojiao Liang & Tingna Shi, 2018. "Speed Synchronous Control of Multiple Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on an Improved Cross-Coupling Structure," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-16, January.
    15. Sanaz Sabzevari & Rasool Heydari & Maryam Mohiti & Mehdi Savaghebi & Jose Rodriguez, 2021. "Model-Free Neural Network-Based Predictive Control for Robust Operation of Power Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-12, April.
    16. Andrea Credo & Marco Tursini & Marco Villani & Claudia Di Lodovico & Michele Orlando & Federico Frattari, 2021. "Axial Flux PM In-Wheel Motor for Electric Vehicles: 3D Multiphysics Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-18, April.
    17. Mitsuhide Sato & Keigo Takazawa & Manabu Horiuchi & Ryoken Masuda & Ryo Yoshida & Masami Nirei & Yinggang Bu & Tsutomu Mizuno, 2020. "Reducing Rotor Temperature Rise in Concentrated Winding Motor by Using Magnetic Powder Mixed Resin Ring," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-15, December.
    18. Piotr Przybyłowski & Adam Przybyłowski & Agnieszka Kałaska, 2021. "Utility Method as an Instrument of the Quality of Life Assessment Using the Examples of Selected European Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-14, May.
    19. Radosław Łukasik & Tomasz Neumann, 2022. "Economic and Environmental Aspects of Engine Selection in Cargo Transportation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, April.
    20. Li Zhai & Rufei Hou & Tianmin Sun & Steven Kavuma, 2018. "Continuous Steering Stability Control Based on an Energy-Saving Torque Distribution Algorithm for a Four in-Wheel-Motor Independent-Drive Electric Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-19, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:22:p:7524-:d:676702. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.